Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Jul;99(1):162-73. doi: 10.1037/a0019797.
The present research tested the hypothesis that exercising self-control causes an increase in approach motivation. Study 1 found that exercising (vs. not exercising) self-control increases self-reported approach motivation. Study 2a identified a behavior--betting on low-stakes gambles--that is correlated with approach motivation but is relatively uncorrelated with self-control, and Study 2b observed that exercising self-control temporarily increases this behavior. Last, Study 3 found that exercising self-control facilitates the perception of a reward-relevant symbol (i.e., a dollar sign) but not a reward-irrelevant symbol (i.e., a percent sign). Altogether, these results support the hypothesis that exercising self-control temporarily increases approach motivation. Failures of self-control that follow from prior efforts at self-control (i.e., ego depletion) may be explained in part by increased approach motivation.
本研究检验了自我控制会增加趋近动机这一假设。研究 1 发现，进行自我控制（相对于不进行自我控制）会增加自我报告的趋近动机。研究 2a 确定了一种行为——在低风险赌博中下注——它与趋近动机相关，但与自我控制的相关性较低，研究 2b 观察到自我控制会暂时增加这种行为。最后，研究 3 发现，自我控制会促进对奖励相关符号（即美元符号）的感知，而不是对奖励不相关符号（即百分比符号）的感知。总的来说，这些结果支持了自我控制会暂时增加趋近动机这一假设。自我控制失败，即之前自我控制努力所带来的自我损耗，可能部分可以用趋近动机的增加来解释。
