Mukherjee Shatanik, Kang Tae Goo, Chen Yu, Kim Sangho
Division of Bioengineering and Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore; and Bioelectronics and BioMEMS Program, Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2009;37(6):517-29. doi: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v37.i6.40.
Component analysis of blood is a key diagnostic step in the detection of diseases. The separation of plasma from blood cells is therefore critical for the accuracy of diagnostic tests because cellular fractions can create discrepancies in analysis. The conventional method for separating the cellular fraction from whole blood is by centrifugation, which requires a laboratory infrastructure. In the last decade, intensive research to scale down experimental processes has seen unprecedented advances in microfabrication and related techniques that have led to utilization of the micro-level phenomenon to accomplish a myriad of physicochemical separation processes. Salient features of these devices include small sample size, faster reaction times, precise control of reaction environments, and affordability. Various plasma-separation devices have also been designed based on microfluidic platforms. The challenges associated with these devices are manifold: particle clogging, necessity for sample preparation, flow-rate maintenance, low reproducibility, and optimization of output. Further, quality, reliability, and consistency remain a huge issue with micromedical devices. The present article reviews current developments in the field of plasma separation from blood implementing innovative microtechnologies to achieve high-throughput plasma separation.
血液成分分析是疾病检测中的关键诊断步骤。因此，将血浆与血细胞分离对于诊断测试的准确性至关重要，因为细胞成分会在分析中产生差异。从全血中分离细胞成分的传统方法是离心，这需要实验室基础设施。在过去十年中，为缩小实验过程而进行的深入研究在微制造及相关技术方面取得了前所未有的进展，这些进展使得利用微观层面的现象来完成众多物理化学分离过程成为可能。这些设备的显著特点包括样本量小、反应时间短、反应环境精确可控以及成本低。基于微流控平台也设计了各种血浆分离设备。与这些设备相关的挑战是多方面的：颗粒堵塞、样本制备的必要性、流速维持、低重现性以及输出优化。此外，质量、可靠性和一致性仍然是微型医疗设备的一个重大问题。本文综述了在血液血浆分离领域利用创新微技术实现高通量血浆分离的当前进展。
