Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, Health Sciences/SABC, Murdoch University, South Street, WA 6150, Australia.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2004 Jul 1;5(4):347-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00228.x.
SUMMARY Fungal plant pathologists have for many decades attempted to classify pathogens into groups called necrotrophs, biotrophs and, more recently, hemibiotrophs. Although these terms are well known and frequently used, disagreements about which pathogens fall into which classes, as well as the precise definition of these terms, has conspired to limit their usefulness. Dogmas concerning the properties of the classes have been progressively eroded. However, the genetic analysis of disease resistance, particularly in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, has provided a biologically meaningful division based on whether defence against fungal pathogens is controlled via the salicylate or jasmonate/ethylene pathways. This mode-of-defence division distinguishes necrotrophs and biotrophs but it limits the biotroph class to pathogens that possess haustoria. The small number and limited range of pathogens that infect Arabidopsis means that several interesting questions are still unanswered. Do hemibiotrophs represents a distinct class or a subclass of the necrotrophs? Does the division apply to other plant families and particularly to cereals? and does this classification help us understand the intricacies of either fungal pathogenicity or plant defence?
真菌植物病理学家数十年来一直试图将病原体分为坏死营养型、活体营养型，最近又分为半活体营养型。尽管这些术语广为人知且经常使用，但对于哪些病原体属于哪些类别，以及这些术语的确切定义，存在分歧，这限制了它们的实用性。关于这些类别的属性的教条已经逐渐被侵蚀。然而，对疾病抗性的遗传分析，特别是在模式植物拟南芥中，提供了一个基于防御真菌病原体是否通过水杨酸或茉莉酸/乙烯途径控制的生物学上有意义的划分。这种防御模式的划分区分了坏死营养型和活体营养型，但将活体营养型限制为具有吸器的病原体。感染拟南芥的病原体数量少且范围有限，这意味着仍有几个有趣的问题尚未得到解答。半活体营养型是否代表一个独立的坏死营养型类别或亚类？这种划分是否适用于其他植物科，特别是禾本科？并且这种分类是否有助于我们理解真菌致病性或植物防御的复杂性？
