Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2005 Jan 1;6(1):85-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00264.x.
SUMMARY Race-specific resistance in plants against microbial pathogens is governed by several distinct classes of resistance (R) genes. This review focuses on the class that consists of the plasma membrane-bound leucine-rich repeat proteins known as receptor-like proteins (RLPs). The first isolated resistance genes of the RLP class are the tomato Cf genes, which confer resistance to the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. To date, several other RLP genes are known to be implicated in resistance in other plant-pathogen interactions. These include HcrVf2 from apple, Ve1 and Ve2 from tomato, and RPP27 from Arabidopsis, which are involved in resistance to Venturia, Verticillium and Peronospora, respectively. Furthermore, the tomato RLP gene LeEix initiates defence responses upon elicitation with a fungal ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX) of non-pathogenic Trichoderma. The tomato Cf genes, which are the most intensively studied RLP resistance genes, are usually found in clusters of several homologues. Whereas some of these homologues are functional Cf resistance genes, others have no known function in resistance. Different evolutionary processes contribute to variation in functional Cf genes, and functional as well as non-functional homologues may provide a source for the generation of novel Cf resistance genes. To date, little is known of the proteins that interact with Cf proteins to initiate defence responses. In contrast to the LeEix protein and the corresponding EIX elicitor, for which a direct interaction was found, no direct interaction between Cf proteins and the corresponding C. fulvum elicitors has been demonstrated. Analogous to the CLAVATA signalling complex, which comprises an RLP, a receptor-like kinase (RLK) and a small proteineous ligand, Cf proteins may form a complex with RLKs and thus initiate signalling upon recognition of the corresponding elicitors. The presence of RLP resistance genes in diverse plant species suggests that these genes play an important role in the extracellular recognition of plant pathogens.
摘要 植物对微生物病原体的特异性抗性由几类不同的抗性（R）基因控制。本综述重点介绍了一类由质膜结合的富含亮氨酸重复蛋白组成的受体样蛋白（RLP）。第一个分离的 RLP 类抗性基因是番茄 Cf 基因，它赋予番茄对真菌病原体棒孢霉的抗性。迄今为止，其他几个 RLP 基因已被证实参与了其他植物-病原体相互作用中的抗性。这些基因包括苹果中的 HcrVf2、番茄中的 Ve1 和 Ve2 以及拟南芥中的 RPP27，它们分别参与了对Venturia、Verticillium 和 Peronospora 的抗性。此外，番茄 RLP 基因 LeEix 在受到非致病性木霉的真菌乙烯诱导木聚糖酶（EIX）刺激时会引发防御反应。番茄 Cf 基因是研究最深入的 RLP 抗性基因，通常存在于几个同源物的簇中。虽然其中一些同源物是功能性 Cf 抗性基因，但其他同源物在抗性中没有已知功能。不同的进化过程导致功能性 Cf 基因的变异，功能性和非功能性同源物可能为产生新的 Cf 抗性基因提供来源。迄今为止，人们对与 Cf 蛋白相互作用以引发防御反应的蛋白知之甚少。与 LeEix 蛋白和相应的 EIX 激发子不同，人们发现了它们之间的直接相互作用，而 Cf 蛋白与相应的棒孢霉激发子之间没有发现直接相互作用。类似于包含 RLP、受体样激酶（RLK）和小蛋白配体的 CLAVATA 信号复合物，Cf 蛋白可能与 RLK 形成复合物，并在识别相应的激发子时启动信号转导。RLP 抗性基因在不同植物物种中的存在表明，这些基因在植物病原体的细胞外识别中发挥着重要作用。
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