茎溃疡（黑斑病）真菌，菜豆壳球孢菌，进入基因组时代。

The stem canker (blackleg) fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, enters the genomic era.

机构信息

INRA-PMDV, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France.

出版信息

Mol Plant Pathol. 2005 May 1;6(3):225-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00282.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00282.x

PMID:20565653

Abstract

UNLABELLED

SUMMARY Leptosphaeria maculans is the most ubiquitous pathogen of Brassica crops, and mainly oilseed brassicas (oilseed rape, canola), causing the devastating 'stem canker' or 'blackleg'. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the pathogen, from taxonomic issues to specific life traits. It mainly illustrates the importance of formal genetics approaches on the pathogen side to dissect the interaction with the host plants. In addition, this review presents the main current research topics on L. maculans and focuses on the L. maculans genome initiative recently begun, including its main research issues.

TAXONOMY

Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & de Not. (anamorph Phoma lingam Tode ex Fr.). Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes (Loculoascomycetes), Order Pleosporales, Genus Leptosphaeria, Species maculans.

HOST RANGE

cultivated Brassicas such as Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola), B. rapa, B. juncea, B. oleracea, etc., along with numerous wild crucifers species. Arabidopsis thaliana was recently reported to be a potential host for L. maculans. Primary disease symptoms are greyish-green collapse of cotyledon or leaf tissue, without a visible margin, bearing tiny black spots (pycnidia). The fungus then develops an endophytic symptomless growth for many months. Secondary symptoms, at the end of the growing season, are dry necroses of the crown tissues with occasional blackening (stem canker or blackleg) causing lodging of the plants. Pseudothecia differentiate on leftover residues. Seedling damping-off and premature ripening are also reported under certain environmental conditions.

USEFUL WEBSITES

Leptosphaeria maculans sequencing project at Genoscope: http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/English/Projets/Projet_DM/organisme_DM.html; the SECURE site: http://www.secure.rothamsted.ac.uk/ the 'Blackleg' group at the University of Melbourne: http://www.botany.unimelb.edu.au/blackleg/overview.htm.

摘要

未标记

摘要菜黑粉菌是十字花科作物（油菜、芥花）最普遍的病原体，主要引起毁灭性的“茎溃疡”或“黑胫病”。本文综述了我们目前对病原体的认识，从分类问题到特定的生活特征。它主要说明了在病原体方面采用正规遗传学方法来剖析与宿主植物相互作用的重要性。此外，本文还介绍了菜黑粉菌的主要当前研究课题，并重点介绍了最近开始的菜黑粉菌基因组计划，包括其主要研究问题。

分类学

菜黑粉菌（Desm.）Ces. & de Not.（异名 Phoma lingam Tode ex Fr.）。真菌界，子囊菌门，腔菌纲（Loculoascomycetes），散囊菌目，黑粉菌属，菜黑粉菌种。

寄主范围

包括油菜、白菜、芥菜、甘蓝等栽培的十字花科植物，以及许多野生十字花科物种。最近报道拟南芥也是菜黑粉菌的潜在寄主。最初的病害症状是子叶或叶片组织呈灰绿色崩溃，无可见边缘，带有微小的黑斑（分生孢子器）。然后，真菌在许多月内表现出无症状的内生生长。在生长季节末期，次生症状是冠组织的干性坏死，偶尔出现黑化（茎溃疡或黑胫病），导致植物倒伏。在剩余的残体上分化出假子囊壳。在某些环境条件下，还会报道幼苗猝倒和过早成熟。