Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2010 Sep;10(5):407-12. doi: 10.1007/s11910-010-0128-0.
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) often have poor postural control, which likely underlies their increased risk of falls. Based on several studies of balance and gait in MS, it appears that the primary mechanisms underlying the observed changes are slowed somatosensory conduction and impaired central integration. This review of the published research on balance, gait, and falls in people with MS demonstrates that people with MS have balance impairments characterized by increased sway in quiet stance, delayed responses to postural perturbations, and a reduced ability to move toward their limits of stability. These impairments are likely causes of falls in people with MS and are consistent with the reduced gait speed, as well as decreased stride length, cadence, and joint movement, observed in most studies of gait in MS. Based on these findings, we identify several factors that may be amenable to intervention to prevent falls in people with MS.
多发性硬化症（MS）患者常存在姿势控制不良，这可能是其跌倒风险增加的原因。基于几项关于 MS 平衡和步态的研究，观察到的变化的主要机制似乎是感觉传导减慢和中枢整合受损。对多发性硬化症患者平衡、步态和跌倒的已发表研究的综述表明，MS 患者存在平衡障碍，表现为在安静站立时晃动增加、对姿势扰动的反应延迟以及向稳定性极限移动的能力降低。这些损伤可能是 MS 患者跌倒的原因，与大多数 MS 步态研究中观察到的步态速度降低以及步幅、步频和关节运动减少一致。基于这些发现，我们确定了几个可能适合干预以预防 MS 患者跌倒的因素。
