Plant-Pathogen Interactions Programme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2003 Jan 1;4(1):17-30. doi: 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00149.x.
SUMMARY The soft rot erwiniae, Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (Eca), E. carotovora ssp. carotovora (Ecc) and E. chrysanthemi (Ech) are major bacterial pathogens of potato and other crops world-wide. We currently understand much about how these bacteria attack plants and protect themselves against plant defences. However, the processes underlying the establishment of infection, differences in host range and their ability to survive when not causing disease, largely remain a mystery. This review will focus on our current knowledge of pathogenesis in these organisms and discuss how modern genomic approaches, including complete genome sequencing of Eca and Ech, may open the door to a new understanding of the potential subtlety and complexity of soft rot erwiniae and their interactions with plants.
The soft rot erwiniae are members of the Enterobacteriaceae, along with other plant pathogens such as Erwinia amylovora and human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Yersinia spp. Although the genus name Erwinia is most often used to describe the group, an alternative genus name Pectobacterium was recently proposed for the soft rot species.
Ech mainly affects crops and other plants in tropical and subtropical regions and has a wide host range that includes potato and the important model host African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha). Ecc affects crops and other plants in subtropical and temperate regions and has probably the widest host range, which also includes potato. Eca, on the other hand, has a host range limited almost exclusively to potato in temperate regions only. Disease symptoms: Soft rot erwiniae cause general tissue maceration, termed soft rot disease, through the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. Environmental factors such as temperature, low oxygen concentration and free water play an essential role in disease development. On potato, and possibly other plants, disease symptoms may differ, e.g. blackleg disease is associated more with Eca and Ech than with Ecc.
http://www.scri.sari.ac.uk/TiPP/Erwinia.htm, http://www.ahabs.wisc.edu:16080/ approximately pernalab/erwinia/index.htm, http://www.tigr.org/tdb/mdb/mdbinprogress.html, http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/E_carotovora/.
摘要 软腐欧文氏菌，胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌亚种（Eca）、胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌（Ecc）和菊欧文氏菌（Ech）是全世界马铃薯和其他作物的主要细菌性病原体。我们目前非常了解这些细菌如何攻击植物以及如何保护自己免受植物防御。然而，感染建立、宿主范围差异以及它们在不引起疾病时生存的过程在很大程度上仍是一个谜。本综述将重点介绍这些生物体发病机制的最新知识，并讨论现代基因组方法，包括 Eca 和 Ech 的全基因组测序，如何为深入了解软腐欧文氏菌的潜在微妙性和复杂性及其与植物的相互作用开辟新的途径。
软腐欧文氏菌是肠杆菌科的成员，与其他植物病原体（如梨火疫病菌）和人类病原体（如大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和耶尔森氏菌）一起。尽管通常使用属名欧文氏菌来描述该组，但最近为软腐种提议了替代的属名果胶杆菌。
Ech 主要影响热带和亚热带地区的作物和其他植物，具有广泛的宿主范围，包括马铃薯和重要的模式宿主非洲紫罗兰（Saintpaulia ionantha）。Ecc 影响亚热带和温带地区的作物和其他植物，可能具有最广泛的宿主范围，其中还包括马铃薯。另一方面，Eca 的宿主范围几乎仅局限于温带地区的马铃薯。疾病症状：软腐欧文氏菌通过产生植物细胞壁降解酶引起组织普遍软化，称为软腐病。温度、低氧浓度和自由水等环境因素对疾病的发展起着至关重要的作用。在马铃薯上，可能在其他植物上，疾病症状可能不同，例如黑胫病与 Eca 和 Ech 的关系比与 Ecc 的关系更密切。
http://www.scri.sari.ac.uk/TiPP/Erwinia.htm，http://www.ahabs.wisc.edu:16080/approximately pernalab/erwinia/index.htm，http://www.tigr.org/tdb/mdb/mdbinprogress.html，http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/E_carotovora/。
