University of Rochester, Clinical & Social Psychology, 488 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
J Pers. 2010 Jun;78(3):865-906. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00636.x.
This research comprises 6 studies designed to examine approach and avoidance temperament as basic dimensions of personality. In Study 1, we developed direct measures of approach and avoidance temperament. In Study 2, we demonstrated that the approach and avoidance temperament variables are not epiphenomena of response biases. In Study 3, we documented the test-retest stability of the temperament variables. In Study 4, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from other like-valenced variables and may be construed as the core of these variables. In Study 5, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from chronic promotion and prevention foci. In Study 6, we distinguished the temperament variables from achievement goal variables and documented the temperament variables as antecedents of achievement goals and achievement goals as proximal predictors of performance. Approach and avoidance temperament are discussed as an ideal foundation for a strong, enduring structure of personality.
本研究包含 6 项研究，旨在探讨趋近和回避气质作为人格的基本维度。在研究 1 中，我们开发了趋近和回避气质的直接测量方法。在研究 2 中，我们证明了趋近和回避气质变量不是反应偏差的偶然现象。在研究 3 中，我们记录了气质变量的重测稳定性。在研究 4 中，我们证明了趋近和回避气质与其他类似效价的变量是分开的，可以被视为这些变量的核心。在研究 5 中，我们证明了趋近和回避气质与慢性促进和预防焦点是分开的。在研究 6 中，我们将气质变量与成就目标变量区分开来，并记录了气质变量作为成就目标的前因变量，以及成就目标作为绩效的近端预测变量。趋近和回避气质被认为是一个强大、持久的人格结构的理想基础。
