Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Sch Health. 2010 Jun;80(6):304-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00505.x.
The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) is a national study periodically conducted to assess school health policies and programs at the state, district, school, and classroom levels. For SHPPS 2006, district-level questionnaires were designed for telephone administration, but mixed-mode data collection that also used paper-and-pencil mail questionnaires was required to obtain an acceptable response rate. Because most mode effect research has involved person-level rather than institution-level data, little is known about the effects of mixed-mode data collection on data quality and prevalence estimates obtained through surveys of school personnel.
SHPPS 2006 used 1-stage stratified cluster sampling to select a nationally representative sample of public school districts. Personnel in about half of the 538 responding districts completed paper questionnaires and returned them via mail. Analyses were performed comparing data quality and prevalence estimates for mail and telephone administration.
Prevalence estimates for only 7.0% (39) of 554 questions tested across the 7 questionnaires differed significantly by response mode at the p < .01 level. Regarding data quality, use of the "don't know" response was higher for telephone administration.
The results of this study demonstrate that SHPPS 2006 successfully used a mixed-mode approach, allowing the data to be used without concern about the mixed-mode administration. The results may also be useful to other researchers interested in using surveys to collect data on schools or school districts or other data that is not person level.
学校健康政策和计划研究（SHPPS）是一项定期进行的全国性研究，旨在评估州、地区、学校和课堂各级的学校健康政策和计划。对于 2006 年的 SHPPS，地区级问卷是为电话管理设计的，但为了获得可接受的回复率，需要采用混合模式数据收集，即同时使用纸质和电子邮寄问卷。由于大多数模式效果研究都涉及个人层面的数据，而不是机构层面的数据，因此对于混合模式数据收集对通过学校人员调查获得的数据质量和流行率估计的影响知之甚少。
SHPPS 2006 采用 1 阶段分层聚类抽样方法，选择具有代表性的公立学区。在 538 个回应地区中，约有一半的地区的人员完成了纸质问卷，并通过邮件返回。通过比较邮件和电话管理的问卷数据质量和流行率估计值，进行了分析。
在 7 个问卷中，只有 7.0%（39）的 554 个问题的流行率估计值在 p<0.01 水平上因应答模式而显著不同。关于数据质量，电话管理中使用“不知道”的比例更高。
本研究结果表明，SHPPS 2006 成功地采用了混合模式方法，使数据能够在不考虑混合模式管理的情况下使用。这些结果对于其他有兴趣使用调查收集有关学校或学区或其他非个人层面的数据的研究人员也可能有用。
