Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2010 Jun 23;10:359. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-359.
Previous research using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data documented a significant downward trend in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure between 1988 and 2002. The objective of this study was to assess whether the downward trend in exposure continued from 2001 through 2006.
We analyzed data from the 2001-2006 NHANES to estimate exposure of nonsmokers to SHS. Geometric means of serum cotinine levels for all nonsmokers were computed.
Overall serum cotinine levels (95% Confidence Intervals) in 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006 were 0.06 ng/mL (0.05-0.07), 0.07 ng/mL (0.06-0.09), and 0.05 ng/mL (0.05-0.06), respectively. Subgroup analysis by age, gender, and race/ethnicity groups showed similar trends in cotinine levels. Children, males, and non-Hispanic Blacks had higher cotinine levels than adults, females, and non-Hispanic Whites and Mexican Americans, respectively. Insignificant P values from the Wald test indicate that serum cotinine levels did not differ over time.
The long-term trend of declining exposure to SHS among nonsmokers appears to have leveled off. However, disparities noted in previous research persist today, with the young, non-Hispanic Blacks, and males experiencing higher levels of exposure.
先前使用国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）数据的研究记录了 1988 年至 2002 年二手烟（SHS）暴露的显著下降趋势。本研究的目的是评估从 2001 年到 2006 年，暴露是否继续呈下降趋势。
我们分析了 2001-2006 年 NHANES 的数据，以评估非吸烟者接触 SHS 的情况。计算了所有非吸烟者的血清可替宁水平的几何平均值。
2001-2002 年、2003-2004 年和 2005-2006 年非吸烟者的血清可替宁水平（95%置信区间）分别为 0.06ng/ml（0.05-0.07）、0.07ng/ml（0.06-0.09）和 0.05ng/ml（0.05-0.06）。按年龄、性别和种族/民族分组的亚组分析显示，可替宁水平存在类似趋势。儿童、男性和非西班牙裔黑人的可替宁水平高于成年人、女性和非西班牙裔白人和墨西哥裔美国人。Wald 检验的 P 值不显著表明血清可替宁水平随时间没有差异。
非吸烟者接触 SHS 水平的长期下降趋势似乎已经趋于平稳。然而，先前研究中注意到的差异仍然存在，年轻人、非西班牙裔黑人以及男性的接触水平更高。
