Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Radiology. 2010 Jul;256(1):32-61. doi: 10.1148/radiol.10090908.
The continuing advances in computed tomographic (CT) technology in the past decades have provided ongoing opportunities to improve CT image quality and clinical practice and discover new clinical CT imaging applications. New CT technology, however, has introduced new challenges in clinical radiology practice. One of the challenges is with intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing. In this article, contrast medium pharmacokinetics and patient, contrast medium, and CT scanning factors associated with contrast enhancement and scan timing are presented and discussed. Published data from clinical studies of contrast medium and physiology are reviewed and interpreted. Computer simulation data are analyzed to provide an in-depth analysis of various factors associated with contrast enhancement and scan timing. On the basis of basic principles and analysis of the factors, clinical considerations and modifications to protocol design that are necessary to optimize contrast enhancement for common clinical CT applications are proposed.
在过去几十年中，计算机断层扫描（CT）技术的不断进步为提高 CT 图像质量和临床实践水平以及发现新的临床 CT 成像应用提供了持续的机会。然而，新的 CT 技术在临床放射学实践中带来了新的挑战。其中之一是与静脉内对比剂给药和扫描时间有关。本文介绍并讨论了与对比增强和扫描时间有关的对比剂药代动力学以及患者、对比剂和 CT 扫描因素。对来自对比剂和生理学的临床研究的已发表数据进行了回顾和解释。对计算机模拟数据进行了分析，以对与对比增强和扫描时间有关的各种因素进行深入分析。基于基本原理和对这些因素的分析，提出了针对常见临床 CT 应用优化对比增强所需的临床注意事项和方案设计修改。
