Grandjean P
Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark.
Sci Total Environ. 1991 Jan 1;101(1-2):25-32. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90099-z.
The human body has a certain capacity to withstand potentially adverse effects of environmental exposures. Chemical exposures may result in a weakening of the body defenses, i.e. a decrease in reserve capacity, thus leading to increased susceptibility to other exposures. Thus, despite normal hematological findings in the initial examination of a group of lead-exposed workers, the lead exposure caused a decreased reserve capacity for blood formation; these effects became prominent only after phlebotomy where the lead-exposed workers showed a decreased rate of blood regeneration. Evidence from studies of cell attrition and age-related functional decreases of the nervous system and the kidneys suggest that a reserve capacity exists and that it may be vulnerable to chemical exposures. Reserve capacity may therefore be a notion of wide significance with regard to chemical exposures as part of multicausal disease etiologies.
人体具有一定能力来抵御环境暴露的潜在不利影响。化学物质暴露可能导致身体防御功能减弱，即储备能力下降，从而增加对其他暴露的易感性。因此，尽管一组铅暴露工人的初次检查血液学结果正常，但铅暴露导致了血液生成储备能力下降；这些影响仅在放血后才变得明显，此时铅暴露工人的血液再生速率降低。关于细胞损耗以及神经系统和肾脏与年龄相关的功能减退的研究证据表明，存在储备能力，且其可能易受化学物质暴露的影响。因此，就作为多病因疾病病因一部分的化学物质暴露而言，储备能力可能是一个具有广泛意义的概念。
