Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Exp Cell Res. 2010 Nov 1;316(18):3093-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.05.019. Epub 2010 May 24.
Skeletal muscles cope with a large range of activities, from being able to support the body weight during long periods of upright standing to perform explosive movements in response to an unexpected threat. This requires systems for energy metabolism that can provide energy during long periods of moderately increased energy consumption as well as being able to rapidly increasing the rate of energy production more than 100-fold in response to explosive contractions. In this short review we discuss how muscles can deal with these divergent demands. We first outline the major energy metabolism pathways in skeletal muscle. Next we describe metabolic differences between different muscle fiber types. Contractile performance declines during intense activation, i.e. fatigue develops, and we discuss likely underlying mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the ability of muscle fibers to adapt to altered demands, and mechanisms behind these adaptations. The accumulated experimental evidence forces us to conclude that most aspects of energy metabolism involve multiple and overlapping signaling pathways, which indicates that the control of energy metabolism is too important to depend on one single molecule or mechanism.
骨骼肌能够应对各种活动，从长时间站立以支撑体重，到对意外威胁做出爆发性反应。这需要有能量代谢系统，在长时间中等程度增加能量消耗时提供能量，并且能够在爆发性收缩时快速将能量产生率提高 100 多倍。在这篇简短的综述中，我们讨论了肌肉如何应对这些不同的需求。我们首先概述了骨骼肌中的主要能量代谢途径。接下来，我们描述了不同肌纤维类型之间的代谢差异。在强烈激活时，收缩性能下降，即疲劳产生，我们讨论了可能的潜在机制。最后，我们讨论了肌肉纤维适应变化需求的能力以及这些适应的背后机制。积累的实验证据迫使我们得出结论，即能量代谢的大多数方面都涉及多个重叠的信号通路，这表明能量代谢的控制太重要了，不能依赖于一种单一的分子或机制。
