Department of Surgery, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Feb;56(2):368-75. doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1301-7. Epub 2010 Jun 29.
Without known mechanisms of action, Crohn's disease is exacerbated, and ulcerative colitis is improved, by the use of tobacco. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) may be zoonotic. We hypothesized that tobacco components might alter the growth kinetics of MAP, explaining these divergent clinical observations.
The effect of nicotine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and α and β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (α and β NAD) were studied on eight strains of three mycobacterial species (MAP, M. avium and M. tb. complex). Data are obtained as "cumulative growth index," (cGI) and presented as "percent increase in cumulative GI" (% + ΔcGI).
Nicotinic acid enhances the two human MAP isolates (Dominic; 225% + ΔcGI and UCF-4; 92% + ΔcGI) and M. avium (ATCC 25291; 175% + ΔcGI). Nicotinamide (at 6.4 µg/ml) enhances the human MAP isolates (Dominic; 156% + ΔcGI and UCF-4; 79% + ΔcGI) and M. avium (ATCC 25291; 144% + ΔcGI.) Both α and β NAD enhance Dominic; (135 and 150 % + ΔcGI) and UCF-4; (81 and 79% + ΔcGI). At the doses tested, nicotine has no effect on any strain studied.
We show enhancement of MAP growth by nicotinic acid, one of ≥4,000 tobacco-related molecules, its amide, nicotinamide and α and β NAD. Pure nicotine has no enhancing effect at the doses studies.
尽管作用机制尚不明确，但烟草的使用会加剧克罗恩病的恶化，溃疡性结肠炎的改善。禽分枝杆菌副结核亚种（MAP）可能是动物源性病原体。我们假设烟草成分可能会改变 MAP 的生长动力学，从而解释这些不同的临床观察结果。
研究了尼古丁、烟酸、烟酰胺以及α和β烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（α和β NAD）对三种分枝杆菌（MAP、禽分枝杆菌和结核分枝杆菌复合群）的八种菌株的影响。数据以“累积生长指数”（cGI）表示，并以“累积 GI 增加百分比”（%+ΔcGI）表示。
烟酸增强了两种人源 MAP 分离株（Dominic；225%+ΔcGI 和 UCF-4；92%+ΔcGI）和禽分枝杆菌（ATCC 25291；175%+ΔcGI）。烟酰胺（6.4μg/ml）增强了人源 MAP 分离株（Dominic；156%+ΔcGI 和 UCF-4；79%+ΔcGI）和禽分枝杆菌（ATCC 25291；144%+ΔcGI）。α和β NAD 均增强了 Dominic（135%和 150%+ΔcGI）和 UCF-4（81%和 79%+ΔcGI）。在测试的剂量下，尼古丁对研究的任何菌株都没有影响。
我们表明，烟酸——4000 多种与烟草有关的分子之一，其酰胺、烟酰胺以及α和β NAD 增强了 MAP 的生长。在研究的剂量下，纯尼古丁没有增强作用。
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