School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Jun 29;7:25. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-25.
Considerable interest has been shown by athletes and scientists in the potential for nitric oxide and associated vasodilators to enhance performance. This study aims to explore potential misuse of vasodilators by the athletes, and to highlight the growing concern over these agents.
Retrospective analyses of anonymous inquiries recorded in the Drug Information Database (DID) between January 2006 and June 2008 (inclusive). In this 30-month period, the DID recorded 198,023 inquiries, of which 118,724 were UK Licensed Pharmaceutical products with a further 79,299 inquiries made for substance not found in the database.
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, dominated by Viagra(R), ranked 16th among the substance groups. The proportion of the inquiries made regarding PDE-5 inhibitors, especially in comparison to antibiotics, painkillers or alcohol, appears to be above the level that would normally be expected from medical need. No significant change in the months leading up to the Beijing Olympics was observed. On the contrary, the Nitric/Nitrate group showed a notable increase between 2006-2007 and 2008, suggesting a potential increase in interest in using nitric oxide among athletes.
With patents recently filed for the use of agents containing sodium nitrite/nitrate to enhance blood flow for performance enhancement in sport, coupled with anecdotal evidence from internet athlete forums and media, there is a concern that athletes may endanger their health by using vasodilators to enhance athletic performance. PDE-5 inhibitors or chemicals in the nitrate/nitrate group are currently not prohibited or tested for by the doping control agencies but some are highly dangerous to health and can lead to cardiovascular collapse, coma and death. Its promotion among athletes as a performance enhancing supplement is ethically and medically questionable.
一氧化氮及其相关血管舒张剂增强运动表现的潜力引起了运动员和科学家的极大兴趣。本研究旨在探讨运动员潜在的血管舒张剂滥用情况,并强调对这些药物的日益关注。
对 2006 年 1 月至 2008 年 6 月(包括)期间在药物信息数据库(DID)中记录的匿名查询进行回顾性分析。在这 30 个月期间,DID 记录了 198,023 次查询,其中 118,724 次查询是英国许可的药品,另外 79,299 次查询是数据库中未发现的物质。
磷酸二酯酶 5(PDE-5)抑制剂以伟哥(R)为主,在物质组中排名第 16 位。查询 PDE-5 抑制剂的比例,特别是与抗生素、止痛药或酒精相比,似乎高于正常医疗需求水平。在北京奥运会前的几个月没有观察到明显变化。相反,一氧化氮/硝酸盐组在 2006-2007 年和 2008 年之间显示出显著增加,表明运动员对使用一氧化氮的兴趣可能增加。
最近提交了专利申请,要求使用含有亚硝酸钠/硝酸盐的药物来增强运动中的血流以提高运动表现,再加上互联网运动员论坛和媒体的传闻证据,人们担心运动员可能会通过使用血管舒张剂来提高运动表现而危及健康。PDE-5 抑制剂或硝酸盐/硝酸盐组中的化学物质目前不受兴奋剂控制机构的禁止或检测,但有些对健康非常危险,可能导致心血管崩溃、昏迷和死亡。将其作为一种增强运动表现的补充剂在运动员中推广在伦理和医学上是有问题的。