Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA.
J Surg Res. 2011 May 1;167(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.037. Epub 2010 May 21.
The ability of the host to respond to intestinal injury requires the regeneration of native tissue through a highly orchestrated response from the intestinal stem cells, a population of cells located within the intestinal crypts that have the capability to repopulate the entire villous. The field of intestinal stem cell biology is thus of great interest to surgeons and non-surgeons alike, given its relevance to diseases of intestinal injury and inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease, trauma, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The field of intestinal stem cell research has been advanced recently by the identification of the putative marker, Lgr5, which has allowed for the isolation and further characterization of the intestinal stem cell. Under the control of the WNT signaling pathway, Lgr5 marks the rapidly dividing cells of the intestinal crypt, and identifies a population of cells that is capable of regenerating the entire villous. We now review the identification of Lgr5 as an intestinal stem cell marker, identify controversies in the intestinal stem cell field, and highlight the response of the intestinal stem cell to injury within the intestinal mucosa that may occur clinically.
宿主对肠道损伤的反应能力需要通过肠道干细胞的高度协调反应来实现固有组织的再生，这些细胞位于肠隐窝内，具有重新填充整个绒毛的能力。鉴于肠道干细胞生物学与肠道损伤和炎症性疾病（如炎症性肠病、创伤和坏死性小肠结肠炎）的相关性，该领域引起了外科医生和非外科医生的极大兴趣。最近，通过鉴定假定的标记物 Lgr5，肠道干细胞研究领域取得了进展，这使得肠道干细胞的分离和进一步特征得以实现。在 WNT 信号通路的控制下，Lgr5 标记肠道隐窝中快速分裂的细胞，并确定了一群能够再生整个绒毛的细胞。我们现在回顾了 Lgr5 作为肠道干细胞标记物的鉴定，确定了肠道干细胞领域的争议，并强调了肠道干细胞对可能在临床上发生的肠道黏膜损伤的反应。
