Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, Building 113, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Sep 15;408(20):4672-80. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.029.
Based on available technology and emission data seven selected management options for air-pollution-control (APC) residues from waste incineration were evaluated by life-cycle assessment (LCA) using the EASEWASTE model. Scenarios were evaluated with respect to both non-toxicity impact categories (e.g. global warming) and toxicity related impact categories (e.g. ecotoxicity and human toxicity). The assessment addressed treatment and final placement of 1 tonne of APC residue in seven scenarios: 1) direct landfilling without treatment (baseline), 2) backfilling in salt mines, 3) neutralization of waste acid, 4) filler material in asphalt, 5) Ferrox stabilization, 6) vitrification, and 7) melting with automobile shredder residues (ASR). The management scenarios were selected as examples of the wide range of different technologies available worldwide while at the same time using realistic technology data. Results from the LCA were discussed with respect to importance of: energy consumption/substitution, material substitution, leaching, air emissions, time horizon aspects for the assessment, and transportation distances. The LCA modeling showed that thermal processes were associated with the highest loads in the non-toxicity categories (energy consumption), while differences between the remaining alternatives were small and generally considered insignificant. In the toxicity categories, all treatment/utilization options were significantly better than direct landfilling without treatment (lower leaching), although the thermal processes had somewhat higher impacts than the others options (air emissions). Transportation distances did not affect the overall ranking of the management alternatives.
基于现有技术和排放数据，使用 EASEWASTE 模型，通过生命周期评估 (LCA) 对来自废物焚烧的空气污染物控制 (APC) 残留物的七种选定管理选项进行了评估。分别从非毒性影响类别（如全球变暖）和毒性相关影响类别（如生态毒性和人类毒性）对情景进行了评估。评估涉及处理和最终处置 1 吨 APC 残留物的七种情景：1）未经处理直接填埋（基线），2）盐矿回填，3）废酸中和，4）沥青填充料，5）Ferrox 稳定化，6）玻璃化，7）与汽车碎料（ASR）共熔。选择管理情景作为全球范围内广泛使用的各种不同技术的示例，同时使用实际的技术数据。根据以下方面对 LCA 的结果进行了讨论：能源消耗/替代、材料替代、浸出、空气排放、评估的时间范围以及运输距离。LCA 模型表明，在非毒性类别（能源消耗）中，热工艺与最高负荷相关，而其余替代方案之间的差异较小，通常被认为无足轻重。在毒性类别中，所有处理/利用选项均明显优于未经处理的直接填埋（浸出率较低），尽管热工艺的影响比其他选项略高（空气排放）。运输距离不会影响管理替代方案的总体排名。
