Ramos Ana, Rouboa Abel
INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
CIENER-INEGI, Centre for Renewable Energy Research, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Campus da FEUP, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2020 Nov;85:106469. doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106469. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
In this study, municipal solid waste (MSW) composition in distinct world locations is compared and a case study is assessed. Three waste-to-energy (WtE) techniques are employed within the framework of an industrial partnership. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and a brief social contextualization including the production of renewable energy from the waste generated worldwide were held to attain a holistic view and attract the interest of multiple stakeholders. Incineration depicted a sustainable profile with improved results for global warming potential and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. Regular gasification revealed the best results for eutrophication, acidification, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and human toxicity potential. Two-stage plasma gasification showed negative values for all impact categories i.e. achieving environmental credits. The estimate of the electricity produced from the waste generated per capita showed a fair coverage of the electrical demand in distinct world areas. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no reports connecting the electricity use, the waste production and the renewable energy achieved from WtE for different world regions. Therefore, this study supports the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable alternatives, reducing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the comfort and commodities suitable for a comfortable quality of life.
在本研究中，对世界不同地区的城市固体废物（MSW）组成进行了比较，并评估了一个案例研究。在一个产业合作框架内采用了三种垃圾能源化（WtE）技术。进行了生命周期评估（LCA）以及包括从全球产生的废物中生产可再生能源在内的简要社会背景分析，以获得全面的视角并吸引多个利益相关者的关注。焚烧显示出具有可持续性的概况，在全球变暖潜势和陆地生态毒性潜势方面有改善结果。常规气化在富营养化、酸化、海洋水生生态毒性和人体毒性潜势方面显示出最佳结果。两段式等离子体气化在所有影响类别中均呈现负值，即获得了环境效益。对人均产生的废物所产生的电力的估计表明，不同世界地区的电力需求得到了合理满足。据作者所知，尚无关于不同世界地区垃圾能源化所实现的电力使用、废物产生和可再生能源之间联系的报告。因此，本研究支持用可再生替代能源取代化石燃料，在维持适合舒适生活质量的舒适度和商品的同时减少温室气体排放。
