Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Oct;122(1-3):74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.06.012. Epub 2010 Jul 3.
Estrogens, acting on both estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) are recognized as important regulators of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. ERs belong to the family of nuclear hormone receptors which mainly act as ligand activated transcription factors. Both ERs are expressed in metabolic tissue such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas, as well as in the central nervous system. Expression pattern of both ERs differ between species, sexes, and specific tissues. The present review will focus on the key effects of ERs on glucose- and lipid metabolism. It appears that ERalpha mainly mediates beneficial metabolic effects of estrogens such as anti-lipogenesis, improvement of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and reduction of body weight/fat mass. In contrast, ERbeta activation seems to be detrimental for the maintenance of regular glucose and lipid homeostasis. Metabolic actions of both receptors in relevant tissues will be discussed.
雌激素通过作用于雌激素受体 alpha（ERalpha）和 beta（ERbeta）被认为是调节葡萄糖稳态和脂代谢的重要物质。ER 属于核激素受体家族，主要作为配体激活的转录因子发挥作用。两种 ER 均在代谢组织（如脂肪组织、骨骼肌、肝脏和胰腺）以及中枢神经系统中表达。两种 ER 的表达模式在物种、性别和特定组织之间存在差异。本综述将重点关注 ER 对葡萄糖和脂代谢的关键作用。ERalpha 主要介导雌激素的有益代谢作用，如抗脂肪生成、改善胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量、降低体重/脂肪量。相比之下，ERbeta 的激活似乎不利于维持正常的葡萄糖和脂代谢稳态。将讨论两种受体在相关组织中的代谢作用。
