Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
Mycotoxin Res. 2021 Aug;37(3):265-273. doi: 10.1007/s12550-021-00437-9. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
Concerns regarding food safety and 'One Health' are increasing globally. Aflatoxin M (AFM), a human carcinogenic toxin, is excreted by lactating animals in their milk after consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of AFM in cattle and buffalo milk produced in rural and peri-urban areas under different agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh, India, and assesses human health risks. Analyses of 545 milk samples by validated high-performance liquid chromatography revealed high level of AFM contamination in 224 (41.1%) samples with mean concentration of 0.137 ± 0.029 μg/L. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed in the levels and frequency of AFM occurrence among different agro-climatic zones. AFM was more frequently detected in milk samples from Northern hills (64%) followed by Bastar plateau (40.7%) and Chhattisgarh plain (27.3%), with mean concentration levels of 0.396 ± 0.099 μg/L, 0.081 ± 0.025 μg/L and 0.013 ± 0.002 μg/L, respectively. Species wise no significant difference was observed in the detection frequency and concentration of AFM in milk from cattle and buffalo. AFM contamination above maximum permissible limits established by European commission and Food Safety and Standard Authority of India was detected in 21.3% and 4.4% of samples, respectively. The estimated daily intakes for AFM were found to be higher than tolerable daily intakes for both adults and children, especially of Northern hills implying a potentially high risk to consumer's health. This study provides valuable information on the contamination status of milk in one of the fastest developing state of India. It also highlights the importance and need for continuous farmers' awareness on good animal husbandry practices, routine surveillance of mycotoxins in animal feeds and food commodities to safeguard human health.
食品安全和“同一健康”问题在全球范围内受到关注。黄曲霉毒素 M（AFM）是一种人类致癌毒素，动物在食用受黄曲霉毒素 B 污染的饲料后，会将其排泄在乳汁中。本横断面研究旨在确定在印度恰蒂斯加尔邦不同农业气候条件下的农村和城郊地区生产的奶牛和水牛乳中 AFM 的发生情况，并评估其对人类健康的风险。通过验证的高效液相色谱法对 545 份牛奶样本进行分析，结果显示，224 份（41.1%）样本中存在高水平的 AFM 污染，平均浓度为 0.137 ± 0.029 μg/L。不同农业气候带之间的 AFM 水平和发生频率存在显著差异（p<0.05）。在北方丘陵地区（64%），其次是巴斯特高原（40.7%）和恰蒂斯加尔邦平原（27.3%）的牛奶样本中，更频繁地检测到 AFM，平均浓度水平分别为 0.396 ± 0.099 μg/L、0.081 ± 0.025 μg/L 和 0.013 ± 0.002 μg/L。从牛和水牛乳中 AFM 的检测频率和浓度来看，不同物种之间没有显著差异。在欧洲委员会和印度食品安全和标准管理局规定的最大允许限量以上，分别有 21.3%和 4.4%的样本检测到 AFM 污染。估计的 AFM 日摄入量对于成年人和儿童来说都高于可耐受日摄入量，特别是北方丘陵地区的摄入量更高，这意味着对消费者健康存在潜在的高风险。本研究提供了印度发展最快的邦之一的牛奶污染状况的有价值信息。它还强调了对农民进行良好动物饲养实践、常规监测动物饲料和食品中霉菌毒素以保护人类健康的重要性和必要性。
