Stefanucci Jeanine K, Geuss Michael N
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Jul;72(5):1338-49. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.5.1338.
Recent research shows that the body is used to scale environmental extents. We question whether the body is used to scale heights as measured by real actions (Experiments 1 and 2) or by judgments about action and extent made from a single viewpoint (Experiments 3 and 4). First, participants walked under barriers naturally, when wearing shoes, or when wearing a helmet. Participants required a larger margin of safety (they ducked at shorter heights) when they were made taller. In follow-up experiments, participants visually matched barrier heights and judged whether they could walk under them when wearing shoes or a helmet. Only the helmet decreased visually matched estimates; action judgments were no different when participants' eye height increased. The final experiment suggested that the change in matched estimates may have been due to lack of experience wearing the helmet. Overall, the results suggest that perceived height is scaled to the body and that when body height is altered, experience may moderate the rescaling of height.
最近的研究表明，身体习惯于衡量环境范围。我们质疑身体是否习惯于衡量通过实际行动（实验1和2）或从单一视角对行动和范围所做判断（实验3和4）来测量的高度。首先，参与者自然地在障碍物下行走，有的穿着鞋子，有的戴着头盔。当参与者变高时，他们需要更大的安全余量（他们在更低的高度就会弯腰躲避）。在后续实验中，参与者在视觉上匹配障碍物的高度，并判断戴着鞋子或头盔时是否能从其下方走过。只有头盔降低了视觉上匹配的估计值；当参与者的眼睛高度增加时，行动判断没有差异。最后一个实验表明，匹配估计值的变化可能是由于缺乏戴头盔的经验。总体而言，结果表明感知到的高度是根据身体进行缩放的，并且当身体高度改变时，经验可能会调节高度的重新缩放。
