Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010 Aug;95(2):166-72. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000088. Epub 2010 Jul 9.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease begins its process in early childhood and is influenced throughout life by genetic factors and environmental exposure to potentially modifiable risk factors.
To investigate the prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerosis with emphasis on dietary habits in a predominantly Italian colonization town.
Population-based cross sectional study, involving 590 primary school students aged between 9 and 18 years, with a cluster sample. The following were collected: identification data, family history and personal history, and information regarding students' eating habits. Dietary habits considered inappropriate included: consumption of fast food, sugary snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages and animal fats four or more times a week, and fruits, green vegetables, and leguminous vegetables less than four times a week.
The prevalence of overweight among students was 24.6% (n = 145), high blood pressure, 11.1% (n = 65); passive smoking, 35.4% (n = 208); sedentary lifestyle, 52.3% (n = 306), family history of 1st degree disease: hypertension, 21.4%, obesity 36.5%. Food items eaten four or more times a week: fast food, 70.3% (n = 411); sugary snacks, 42.7% (n = 252), sugar-sweetened beverages, 71% (n = 419), and animal fats, 24.4% (n = 143). Food items eaten less than four times a week: fruits, 36.8% (n = 215), green vegetables, 49.5% (n = 292) and leguminous vegetables, 63.7% (n = 374).
Interventions are needed to promote changes in students' eating habits: higher level of consumption of fruits, green vegetables and leguminous vegetables, and increased level of physical activity.
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病始于儿童早期，其发病过程受到遗传因素和环境中潜在可改变的危险因素暴露的终生影响。
在一个以意大利裔为主的殖民城镇，调查动脉粥样硬化危险因素的流行情况，重点是饮食习惯。
这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，涉及 590 名 9 至 18 岁的小学生，采用整群抽样方法。收集的信息包括：识别数据、家族史和个人史，以及学生饮食习惯的信息。不良饮食习惯包括：每周食用快餐、含糖零食、含糖饮料和动物脂肪 4 次或以上，以及每周食用水果、绿色蔬菜和豆类少于 4 次。
学生超重的患病率为 24.6%（n=145），高血压患病率为 11.1%（n=65）；被动吸烟率为 35.4%（n=208）；久坐不动的生活方式患病率为 52.3%（n=306），一级亲属中患有高血压和肥胖症的比例分别为 21.4%和 36.5%。每周食用 4 次或以上的食物包括：快餐，70.3%（n=411）；含糖零食，42.7%（n=252），含糖饮料，71%（n=419），动物脂肪，24.4%（n=143）。每周食用少于 4 次的食物包括：水果，36.8%（n=215），绿色蔬菜，49.5%（n=292）和豆类蔬菜，63.7%（n=374）。
需要采取干预措施，促进学生饮食习惯的改变：增加水果、绿色蔬菜和豆类蔬菜的摄入量，增加身体活动水平。
