Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 26;13(1):16106. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43294-5.
Numerous theories and empirical studies have suggested that parents and their adolescent children reciprocally influence each other. As most studies have focused on group-level patterns, however, it remained unclear whether this was true for every family. To investigate potential heterogeneity in directionality, we applied a novel idiographic approach to examine the effects between parenting and adolescent well-being in each family separately. For 100 days, 159 Dutch adolescents (M = 13.31, 62% female) reported on affective well-being and four parenting dimensions. The family-specific effects of pre-registered ( https://osf.io/7n2jx/ ) dynamic structural equation models indeed revealed that a reciprocal day-to-day association between parenting and adolescent affective well-being was present only in some families, with the proportion of families displaying a reciprocal association varying across the four parenting dimensions (11-55%). In other families, either parenting predicted the adolescent's affective well-being (8-43%) or vice versa (10-27%), or no day-to-day associations were found (16-60%). Adolescents with higher trait levels of environmental sensitivity and neuroticism were more strongly affected by parenting. Thus, findings suggest that the ways in which parents and adolescents influence each other in everyday life are unique, stressing the need to move towards an idiographic parenting science.
许多理论和实证研究表明，父母和他们的青少年子女相互影响。然而，由于大多数研究都集中在群体层面的模式上，因此不清楚这是否适用于每个家庭。为了研究方向上的潜在异质性，我们应用了一种新的个体化方法，分别检查每个家庭中教养和青少年幸福感之间的影响。在 100 天内，159 名荷兰青少年（M=13.31，62%为女性）报告了情感幸福感和四个教养维度。预先注册的（https://osf.io/7n2jx/）动态结构方程模型的家庭特定效应确实表明，教养和青少年情感幸福感之间的互惠日至日关联仅存在于某些家庭中，具有互惠关联的家庭比例在四个教养维度上有所不同（11-55%）。在其他家庭中，要么是教养预测青少年的情感幸福感（8-43%），要么反之（10-27%），要么没有日至日关联（16-60%）。具有较高特质水平环境敏感性和神经质的青少年受到教养的影响更大。因此，研究结果表明，父母和青少年在日常生活中相互影响的方式是独特的，这强调了需要朝着个体化的教养科学发展。
