Department of Sociology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
AJS. 2009 Sep;115(2):527-59. doi: 10.1086/599248.
Persistent racial residential segregation is often seen as the result of preferences: whites prefer to live with whites while blacks wish to live near many other blacks. Are these neighborhood preferences color-blind or race conscious? Does neighborhood racial composition have a net influence upon preferences, or is race a proxy for social class? This article tests the racial proxy hypothesis using an innovative experiment that isolates the net effects of race and social class, followed by an analysis of the social psychological factors associated with residential preferences. The authors find that net of social class, the race of a neighborhood's residents significantly influenced how it was rated. Whites said the all-white neighborhoods were most desirable. The independent effect of racial composition was smaller among blacks, who identified the racially mixed neighborhood as most desirable. Further, whites who held negative stereotypes about African-Americans and the neighborhoods where they live were significantly influenced by neighborhood racial composition. None of the proposed social psychological factors conditioned African-Americans' sensitivity to neighborhood racial composition.
白人喜欢与白人居住，而黑人希望住在许多其他黑人附近。这些邻里偏好是无偏见的还是有识别的？邻里的种族构成对偏好有净影响，还是种族是社会阶层的代表？本文使用一项创新实验测试种族代理假设，该实验将种族和社会阶层的净效应分离开来，然后分析与居住偏好相关的社会心理因素。作者发现，在剔除社会阶层因素后，社区居民的种族显著影响了对社区的评价。白人表示，全白人社区最理想。这一独立的种族构成效应在黑人中较小，他们认为种族混合的社区最理想。此外，对非裔美国人及其居住的社区持有负面刻板印象的白人，受到邻里种族构成的显著影响。没有任何提出的社会心理因素影响非裔美国人对邻里种族构成的敏感性。
