乙醇与认知：间接影响、神经毒性与神经保护：综述。
Ethanol and cognition: indirect effects, neurotoxicity and neuroprotection: a review.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Harlem Hospital Center and Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10037, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Apr;7(4):1540-57. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7041540. Epub 2010 Apr 4.
Abstract
Ethanol affects cognition in a number of ways. Indirect effects include intoxication, withdrawal, brain trauma, central nervous system infection, hypoglycemia, hepatic failure, and Marchiafava-Bignami disease. Nutritional deficiency can cause pellagra and Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder. Additionally, ethanol is a direct neurotoxin and in sufficient dosage can cause lasting dementia. However, ethanol also has neuroprotectant properties and in low-to-moderate dosage reduces the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer type. In fetuses ethanol is teratogenic, and whether there exists a safe dose during pregnancy is uncertain and controversial.
摘要
乙醇通过多种方式影响认知。间接影响包括中毒、戒断、脑损伤、中枢神经系统感染、低血糖、肝衰竭和 Marchiafava-Bignami 病。营养缺乏可导致糙皮病和 Wernicke-Korsakoff 障碍。此外，乙醇是一种直接的神经毒素，剂量足够大时会导致持久的痴呆。然而，乙醇也具有神经保护特性，在低至中等剂量下可降低痴呆的风险，包括阿尔茨海默病。在胎儿中，乙醇有致畸性，怀孕期间是否存在安全剂量尚不确定且存在争议。
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