Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur Psychiatry. 2012 Aug;27(6):445-50. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 Jul 9.
Studies on diagnostic subtypes of gender identity disorder (GID) or gender incongruence (GI), comorbidity and treatment outcome show considerable variability in results. Clinic/country specific factors may account for the contradictory results, but these factors have never been studied. This article is the first of a series reporting on a unique collaborative study of four European gender identity clinics (the European network for the investigation of gender incongruence [ENIGI]). Here, we present the diagnostic procedures of the four clinics (Amsterdam, Ghent, Hamburg, and Oslo), the standard battery of instruments, and the first results regarding applicants with GI who seek treatment. Applicants in the four clinics did not differ in living situation, employment status, sexual orientation, and age of onset of GI feelings. However, the Amsterdam and Ghent clinic were visited by a majority of natal males, whereas Hamburg and Oslo see more natal females. Male applicants were older than female applicants within each country, but female applicants in one country were sometimes older than male applicants in another country. Also, educational level differed between applicants of the four clinics. These data indicate that certain sociodemographic and/or cultural characteristics of applicants have to be taken into account in future studies.
关于性别认同障碍（GID）或性别不一致（GI）的诊断亚型、合并症和治疗结果的研究结果存在相当大的差异。诊所/国家特定因素可能是导致结果相互矛盾的原因，但这些因素从未被研究过。本文是系列文章中的第一篇，报告了一项针对四个欧洲性别认同诊所（调查性别不一致的欧洲网络[ENIGI]）的独特合作研究。在这里，我们介绍了四个诊所（阿姆斯特丹、根特、汉堡和奥斯陆）的诊断程序、标准仪器套件，以及关于寻求治疗的 GI 患者的首批结果。四个诊所的申请人在生活状况、就业状况、性取向和 GI 感觉出现的年龄方面没有差异。然而，阿姆斯特丹和根特诊所的就诊者大多数是出生男性，而汉堡和奥斯陆则看到更多的出生女性。每个国家的男性申请人都比女性申请人年长，但一个国家的女性申请人有时比另一个国家的男性申请人年长。此外，四个诊所的申请人的教育水平也存在差异。这些数据表明，在未来的研究中必须考虑到申请人的某些社会人口学和/或文化特征。
