Cellerix S.A, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Calle Marconi 1, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
Mediators Inflamm. 2010;2010:865601. doi: 10.1155/2010/865601. Epub 2010 Jun 14.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of special interest as therapeutic agents in the settings of both chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLR) ligands have been linked with the perpetuation of inflammation in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases due to the permanent exposure of the immune system to TLR-specific stimuli. Therefore, MSCs employed in therapy can be potentially exposed to TLR ligands, which may modulate MSC therapeutic potential in vivo. Recent results demonstrate that MSCs are activated by TLR ligands leading to modulation of the differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and immunosuppression capacities. However inconsistent results among authors have been reported suggesting that the source of MSCs, TLR stimuli employed or culture conditions play a role. Notably, activation by TLR ligands has not been reported to modulate the "immunoprivileged" phenotype of MSCs which is of special relevance regarding the use of allogeneic MSC-based therapies. In this review, we discuss the available data on the modulation of MSCs activity through TLR signalling.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为治疗剂，在慢性炎症和自身免疫性疾病的治疗中具有特殊的意义。由于免疫系统持续暴露于 TLR 特异性刺激物，TLR 配体已与多种慢性炎症性疾病中的炎症持续存在相关。因此，在治疗中使用的 MSC 可能会接触到 TLR 配体，这可能会调节 MSC 在体内的治疗潜力。最近的研究结果表明，TLR 配体可激活 MSC，从而调节其分化、迁移、增殖、存活和免疫抑制能力。然而，作者报告的结果并不一致，表明 MSC 的来源、所使用的 TLR 刺激物或培养条件发挥了作用。值得注意的是，TLR 配体的激活并未被报道可调节 MSC 的“免疫豁免”表型，这对于同种异体 MSC 为基础的治疗的应用具有特殊意义。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于通过 TLR 信号调节 MSC 活性的现有数据。
