The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research in Underserved Populations, 1700 Red River, Austin, Texas 78701, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2010 Jul;3(3):133-45. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2009.10.007.
Persons living with the effects of chronic and disabling conditions are often at increased risk for the development of secondary conditions and disabilities that can lead to further decline in health status, independence, functional status, life satisfaction, and overall quality of life.
The purpose of this study was to review the evidence for the benefits of wellness/health promotion interventions for persons with chronic and disabling conditions.
The authors conducted a Medline search (1990-2007) using terms related to wellness and health promotion cross-referenced with general terms for chronic and disabling conditions, as well as 15 specific chronic and/or disabling conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury). Selection of studies was limited to those published in English that reported randomized controlled trails or prospective studies that involved adult human subjects with a chronic and/or disabling condition. All selected studies focused on some aspect of a wellness or health promotion intervention and involved a comparison or control group. Of the 5,847 studies initially identified in the search using medical subject heading terms, 190 met the criteria for full review. Data were extracted from these publications and summarized using descriptive statistics.
Almost all studies (95%) explored the effects of wellness intervention in a sample diagnosed with a single condition (e.g., cancer, stroke, arthritis). Although the mean sample size was 100, the range in sample size varied widely (6-688); 25% of the studies had sample of 30 or fewer. Almost all studies (89.5%) reported positive effects of the wellness intervention, although the delivery and content of interventions as well as the measurement of outcomes, varied greatly.
Our findings support an immediate post-intervention positive impact of wellness interventions across persons with a wide variety of chronic and disabling conditions. Future research that clearly specifies primary study outcomes and follows the CONSORT guidelines will strengthen future reviews of the evidence and facilitate application of the evidence of practice.
患有慢性和致残性疾病的人往往面临着继发疾病和残疾的风险增加，这可能导致健康状况、独立性、功能状态、生活满意度和整体生活质量进一步下降。
本研究旨在回顾针对患有慢性和致残性疾病的人群进行健康促进/养生干预的益处的证据。
作者使用与养生和健康促进相关的术语进行了 Medline 检索（1990-2007 年），并交叉引用了与慢性和致残性疾病相关的一般术语，以及 15 种特定的慢性和/或致残性疾病（如多发性硬化症、脊髓损伤）。研究选择仅限于以英文发表的、报告随机对照试验或涉及患有慢性和/或致残性疾病的成年人类受试者的前瞻性研究。所有选定的研究都侧重于养生或健康促进干预的某个方面，并涉及比较组或对照组。在使用医学主题词搜索时，最初在搜索中确定了 5847 项研究，其中有 190 项符合全面审查的标准。从这些出版物中提取数据并使用描述性统计进行总结。
几乎所有研究（95%）都在患有单一疾病（如癌症、中风、关节炎）的样本中探索了养生干预的效果。尽管平均样本量为 100，但样本量的范围差异很大（6-688）；25%的研究样本少于 30 人。几乎所有研究（89.5%）都报告了养生干预的积极效果，尽管干预措施的提供和内容以及结果的测量差异很大。
我们的研究结果支持养生干预对患有各种慢性和致残性疾病的人群具有即时的干预后积极影响。未来明确规定主要研究结果并遵循 CONSORT 指南的研究将加强对证据的回顾，并促进实践证据的应用。
