Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Jan;399(1):171-81. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-3974-3. Epub 2010 Jul 14.
Potentiometry is a very simple electrochemical technique with extraordinary analytical capabilities. It is also well known that nanostructured materials display properties which they do not show in the bulk phase. The combination of the two fields of potentiometry and nanomaterials is therefore a promising area of research and development. In this report, we explain the fundamentals of potentiometric devices that incorporate nanostructured materials and we highlight the advantages and drawbacks of combining nanomaterials and potentiometry. The paper provides an overview of the role of nanostructured materials in the two commonest potentiometric sensors: field-effect transistors and ion-selective electrodes. Additionally, we provide a few recent examples of new potentiometric sensors that are based on receptors immobilized directly onto the nanostructured material surface. Moreover, we summarize the use of potentiometry to analyze processes involving nanostructured materials and the prospects that the use of nanopores offer to potentiometry. Finally, we discuss several difficulties that currently hinder developments in the field and some future trends that will extend potentiometry into new analytical areas such as biology and medicine.
电位法是一种非常简单的电化学技术，具有非凡的分析能力。众所周知，纳米结构材料显示出它们在体相中不显示的性质。因此，将电位法和纳米材料这两个领域结合起来是一个很有前途的研究和开发领域。在本报告中，我们解释了结合纳米结构材料的电位计装置的基本原理，并强调了将纳米材料和电位法结合的优点和缺点。本文概述了纳米结构材料在两种最常见的电位传感器中的作用：场效应晶体管和离子选择性电极。此外，我们还提供了一些基于直接固定在纳米结构材料表面的受体的新型电位传感器的最新示例。此外，我们总结了电位法在分析涉及纳米结构材料的过程中的应用以及纳米孔为电位法提供的前景。最后，我们讨论了目前阻碍该领域发展的一些困难以及一些未来的趋势，这些趋势将使电位法扩展到生物学和医学等新的分析领域。
