Monroe D
Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1989;27(2):109-58. doi: 10.3109/10408368909106591.
Numerous potentiometric assays utilizing bioselective electrodes are fast revolutionizing many areas of biotechnology. Adequately discussing the utility and limitations of these electrochemical systems is the purpose of this review. A general overview introduces bioselective potentiometry by presenting basic concepts, historical background, and current developments. Essentially, the review consists of several sections describing electrode architecture, operational concepts, different biosensors, assay systems, applications, and future trends. Advantages and disadvantages of the different bioselective assay systems discussed are included throughout each section. Electrode design discussion covers conventional liquid probes and the newer solid-state transitor biosensors. Limitations and advantages of different chemoreceptors, biocatalysts, and potentiometric transducers are presented. Operational characteristics include: linear behavior, sensitivity, stability, specificity, response, recovery, and the influence of interfering factors. Enzyme, organelle, tissue, and microbial biocatalytic sensors are discussed. Bioligand systems include: affinity, immunoselective enzyme, and liposome sensors. Potentiometric bioselective drug, microbial, and immunoassay systems are also included.
众多利用生物选择性电极的电位分析法正在迅速革新生物技术的许多领域。充分讨论这些电化学系统的实用性和局限性是本综述的目的。通过介绍基本概念、历史背景和当前发展情况，对生物选择性电位分析法进行了总体概述。本质上，本综述由几个部分组成，分别描述电极结构、操作概念、不同的生物传感器、分析系统、应用和未来趋势。在每个部分中都讨论了不同生物选择性分析系统的优缺点。电极设计讨论涵盖传统的液体探头和更新的固态晶体管生物传感器。介绍了不同化学感受器、生物催化剂和电位传感器的局限性和优点。操作特性包括：线性行为、灵敏度、稳定性、特异性、响应、回收率以及干扰因素的影响。讨论了酶、细胞器、组织和微生物生物催化传感器。生物配体系统包括：亲和、免疫选择性酶和脂质体传感器。还包括电位生物选择性药物、微生物和免疫分析系统。
