Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Psychosom Res. 2010 Jul;69(1):69-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Sep 30.
As people lead longer and generally healthier lives, aspirations and expectations of health care extend to include well-being and enhanced quality of life. Several measurement scales exist to evaluate how well health care reaches these goals. However, the definitions of well-being or quality of life remain open to considerable debate, which complicates the design, validation, and subsequent choice of an appropriate measurement.
This article reviews nine measures of psychological well-being, tracing their origins in alternative conceptual approaches to defining well-being. It compares their psychometric properties and suggests how they may be used.
The review covers the Life Satisfaction Index, the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale, single-item measures, the Philadelphia Morale scale, the General Well-Being Schedule, the Satisfaction With Life scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the World Health Organization 5-item well-being index, and the Ryff's scales of psychological well-being.
Scales range in size from a single item to 22; levels of reliability and validity range from good to excellent, although for some of the newer scales we lack information on some forms of validity.
Measures exist to assess several conceptions of psychological well-being. Most instruments perform adequately for survey research, but we know less about their adequacy for use in evaluating health care interventions. There remains active debate over how adequately the questions included portray the theoretical definition of well-being on which they are based.
随着人们的寿命延长和生活总体上更加健康，对医疗保健的期望和愿望扩展到包括健康和生活质量的提高。有几个衡量标准可用于评估医疗保健在多大程度上实现了这些目标。然而，对幸福或生活质量的定义仍存在相当大的争议，这使得设计、验证和随后选择适当的衡量标准变得复杂。
本文回顾了九种心理幸福感衡量标准，追溯了它们在定义幸福感的替代概念方法中的起源。它比较了它们的心理测量特性，并提出了如何使用它们的建议。
综述涵盖了生活满意度指数、Bradburn 情感平衡量表、单项衡量标准、费城士气量表、一般幸福感量表、生活满意度量表、正负面情绪量表、世界卫生组织 5 项幸福感指数和 Ryff 的心理幸福感量表。
量表的规模从一个项目到 22 个项目不等；可靠性和有效性水平从良好到优秀不等，尽管对于一些较新的量表，我们缺乏一些有效性形式的信息。
有一些衡量标准可以评估几种心理幸福感概念。大多数工具在调查研究中表现良好，但我们对它们在评估医疗保健干预方面的充分性了解较少。关于所包含的问题在多大程度上准确地描绘了它们所基于的幸福感的理论定义，仍存在激烈的争论。
