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监测印度勒克瑙市市场篮子中蔬菜的农药残留:QuEChERS 方法。

Monitoring of pesticide residues in market basket samples of vegetable from Lucknow City, India: QuEChERS method.

机构信息

Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Govt. of India), P.O. Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.

出版信息

Environ Monit Assess. 2011 May;176(1-4):465-72. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1597-y. Epub 2010 Jul 16.

Abstract

The study was conducted on 20 vegetables including leafy, root, modified stem, and fruity vegetables like bitter gourd, jack fruit, french-bean, onion, colocassia, pointed gourd, capsicum, spinach, potato, fenugreek seeds, carrot, radish, cucumber, beetroot, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, okra, and bottle gourd. Forty-eight pesticides including 13 organochlorines (OCs), 17 organophosphates (OPs), 10 synthetic pyrethriods (SPs), and eight herbicides (H) pesticides were analyzed. A total number of 60 samples, each in triplicates, were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method. The quantification was done by GC-ECD/NPD. The recovery varies from 70.22% to 96.32% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 15%. However the limit of detection ranged from 0.001-0.009 mg kg(-1)for OCs, SPs, OPs, and H, respectively. Twenty-three pesticides were detected from total 48 analyzed pesticides in the samples with the range of 0.005-12.35 mg kg(-1). The detected pesticides were: Σ-HCH, Dicofol, Σ-Endosulfan, Fenpropathrin, Permethrin-II, β-cyfluthrin-II, Fenvalerate-I, Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorofenvinfos, Anilophos, and Dimethachlor. In some vegetables like radish, cucumber, cauliflower, cabbage, and okra, the detected pesticides (Σ-HCH, Permethrin-II, Dichlorvos, and Chlorofenvinfos) were above maximum residues limit (MRL) (PFA 1954). However, in other vegetables the level of pesticide residues was either below detection limit or MRL.

摘要

这项研究针对 20 种蔬菜进行,包括叶菜类、根茎类、改良茎类和水果类蔬菜,如苦瓜、菠萝、豆角、洋葱、芋艿、佛手瓜、辣椒、菠菜、土豆、葫芦巴籽、胡萝卜、萝卜、黄瓜、甜菜根、茄子、花椰菜、白菜、番茄、秋葵和葫芦。分析了 48 种农药,包括 13 种有机氯农药(OCs)、17 种有机磷农药(OPs)、10 种合成拟除虫菊酯(SPs)和 8 种除草剂(H)农药。采用快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用、安全的方法(Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method,QuEChERS)对 60 个样本(每个样本一式三份)进行了分析。通过气相色谱-电子捕获/氮磷检测器(GC-ECD/NPD)进行定量分析。回收率在 70.22%至 96.32%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为 15%。然而,OCs、SPs、OPs 和 H 的检出限分别为 0.001-0.009mg/kg。在样品中从 48 种分析农药中共检测到 23 种农药,浓度范围为 0.005-12.35mg/kg。检测到的农药有:Σ-HCH、三氯杀螨醇、Σ-硫丹、甲氰菊酯、氯菊酯-II、β-氯氟氰菊酯-II、氰戊菊酯-I、敌敌畏、乐果、敌百虫、马拉硫磷、氯氟磷、辛硫磷和二甲戊灵。在某些蔬菜(如萝卜、黄瓜、花椰菜、白菜和秋葵)中,检出的农药(Σ-HCH、氯菊酯-II、敌敌畏和氯氟磷)超过了最大残留限量(PFA 1954)。然而,在其他蔬菜中,农药残留水平要么低于检出限,要么低于最大残留限量。

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