Srivastava Ashutosh K, Rai Satyajeet, Srivastava M K, Lohani M, Mudiam M K R, Srivastava L P
Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
PLoS One. 2014 May 8;9(5):e96493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096493. eCollection 2014.
A total of 162 samples of different varieties of mango: Deshehari, Langra, Safeda in three growing stages (Pre-mature, Unripe and Ripe) were collected from Lucknow, India, and analyzed for the presence of seventeen organophosphate pesticide residues. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method of extraction coupled with gas chromatography was validated for pesticides and qualitatively confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was validated with different concentrations of mixture of seventeen organophosphate pesticides (0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg kg(-1)) in mango. The average recovery varied from 70.20% to 95.25% with less than 10% relative standard deviation. The limit of quantification of different pesticides ranged from 0.007 to 0.033 mg kg(-1). Out of seventeen organophosphate pesticides only malathion and chlorpyriphos were detected. Approximately 20% of the mango samples have shown the presence of these two pesticides. The malathion residues ranged from ND-1.407 mg kg(-1) and chlorpyriphos ND-0.313 mg kg(-1) which is well below the maximum residues limit (PFA-1954). In three varieties of mango at different stages from unpeeled to peeled sample reduction of malathion and chlorpyriphos ranged from 35.48%-100% and 46.66%-100% respectively. The estimated daily intake of malathion ranged from 0.032 to 0.121 µg kg(-1) and chlorpyriphos ranged from zero to 0.022 µg kg(-1) body weight from three different stages of mango. The hazard indices ranged from 0.0015 to 0.0060 for malathion and zero to 0.0022 for chlorpyriphos. It is therefore indicated that seasonal consumption of these three varieties of mango may not pose any health hazards for the population of Lucknow, city, India because the hazard indices for malathion and chlorpyriphos residues were below to one.
从印度勒克瑙采集了162份处于三个生长阶段(早熟、未成熟和成熟)的不同品种芒果样本:德谢哈里、兰格拉、萨费达,并分析其中17种有机磷农药残留的存在情况。采用QuEChERS(快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用且安全)提取方法结合气相色谱法对农药进行验证,并通过气相色谱 - 质谱法定性确认。该方法在芒果中用不同浓度(0.05、0.10、0.50 mg kg⁻¹)的17种有机磷农药混合物进行了验证。平均回收率在70.20%至95.25%之间,相对标准偏差小于10%。不同农药的定量限在0.007至0.033 mg kg⁻¹之间。在17种有机磷农药中,仅检测到了马拉硫磷和毒死蜱。约20%的芒果样本显示存在这两种农药。马拉硫磷残留量在未检出至1.407 mg kg⁻¹之间,毒死蜱残留量在未检出至0.313 mg kg⁻¹之间,均远低于最大残留限量(1954年《防止食品 adulteration 法》)。在三个品种芒果从未去皮到去皮样本的不同阶段,马拉硫磷和毒死蜱的减少量分别在35.48% - 100%和46.66% - 100%之间。从芒果的三个不同阶段估算的马拉硫磷每日摄入量在0.032至0.121 μg kg⁻¹之间,毒死蜱每日摄入量在零至0.022 μg kg⁻¹体重之间。马拉硫磷的危害指数在0.0015至0.0060之间,毒死蜱的危害指数在零至0.0022之间。因此表明,季节性食用这三个品种的芒果可能不会对印度勒克瑙市人群造成任何健康危害,因为马拉硫磷和毒死蜱残留的危害指数均低于1。