Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Child Dev. 2010 Jul-Aug;81(4):1096-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01456.x.
The present research examines posttraumatic resilience in extremely exposed children and adolescents based on interviews with 330 former Ugandan child soldiers (age = 11-17, female = 48.5%). Despite severe trauma exposure, 27.6% showed posttraumatic resilience as indicated by the absence of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and clinically significant behavioral and emotional problems. Among these former child soldiers, posttraumatic resilience was associated with lower exposure to domestic violence, lower guilt cognitions, less motivation to seek revenge, better socioeconomic situation in the family, and more perceived spiritual support. Among the youth with significant psychopathology, many of them had symptoms extending beyond the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, in keeping with the emerging concept of developmental trauma disorder. Implications for future research, intervention, and policy are discussed.
本研究通过对 330 名前乌干达儿童兵（年龄=11-17 岁，女性=48.5%）的访谈，考察了极度暴露于创伤环境下的儿童和青少年的创伤后韧性。尽管遭受了严重的创伤暴露，但有 27.6%的儿童兵表现出创伤后韧性，没有创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和临床上显著的行为和情绪问题。在这些前儿童兵中，创伤后韧性与较低的家庭暴力暴露、较低的内疚认知、较少的复仇动机、家庭较好的社会经济状况以及更多的感知精神支持有关。在有明显精神病理学的青少年中，许多人有超出创伤后应激障碍标准的症状，符合发展性创伤障碍的新兴概念。讨论了对未来研究、干预和政策的影响。
