Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2019 Feb;131:8-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.040. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
The insect order Hymenoptera presents marvelous morphological and ecological diversity. Higher-level hymenopteran relationships remain controversial, even after recent phylogenomic analyses, as their taxon sampling was limited. To shed light on the origin and diversification of Hymenoptera, in particular the poorly studied Parasitica, we undertook phylogenetic analyses of 40 newly and 43 previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes representing all major clades of Hymenoptera. Various Bayesian inferences using different data partitions and phylogenetic methods recovered similar phylogenetic trees with strong statistical support for almost all nodes. Novel findings of the mitogenomic phylogeny mainly affected the three infraorders Ichneumonomorpha, Proctotrupomorpha and Evaniomorpha, the latter of which was split into three clades. Basal relationships of Parasitica recovered Stephanoidea + (Gasteruptiidae + Aulacidae) as the sister group to Ichneumonomorpha + (Trigonalyoidea + Megalyroidea). This entire clade is sister to Proctotrupomorpha, and Ceraphronoidea + Evaniidae is sister to Aculeata (stinging wasps). Our divergence time analysis indicates that major hymenopteran lineages originated in the Mesozoic. The radiation of early apocritans may have been triggered by the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction; all extant families were present by the Cretaceous.
昆虫目膜翅目呈现出奇妙的形态和生态多样性。即使在最近的系统基因组分析之后，高等膜翅目昆虫的关系仍然存在争议，因为它们的分类群采样有限。为了阐明膜翅目的起源和多样化，特别是研究较少的寄生虫，我们对 40 个新的和 43 个以前测序的线粒体基因组进行了系统发育分析，这些基因组代表了膜翅目的所有主要分支。使用不同的数据分区和系统发育方法进行的各种贝叶斯推断，为几乎所有节点都恢复了相似的系统发育树，并得到了很强的统计支持。线粒体基因组系统发育的新发现主要影响了三个亚目，即 Ichneumonomorpha、Proctotrupomorpha 和 Evaniomorpha，后者分为三个分支。寄生虫的基部分支关系恢复了 Stephanoidea + （Gasteruptiidae + Aulacidae）作为 Ichneumonomorpha + （Trigonalyoidea + Megalyroidea）的姐妹群。整个分支是 Proctotrupomorpha 的姐妹群，而 Ceraphronoidea + Evaniidae 是 Aculeata（螫刺蜂）的姐妹群。我们的分歧时间分析表明，主要的膜翅目谱系起源于中生代。早期的拟寄生类的辐射可能是由三叠纪-侏罗纪大灭绝引发的；所有现存的科在白垩纪都已经存在。
