Radiation Safety & Monitoring Section, Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
Eur J Radiol. 2010 Oct;76(1):15-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.033. Epub 2010 Jul 17.
Medical application of ionizing radiation is a massive and increasing activity globally. While the use of ionizing radiation in medicine brings tremendous benefits to the global population, the associated risks due to stochastic and deterministic effects make it necessary to protect patients from potential harm. Current issues in radiation protection of patients include not only the rapidly increasing collective dose to the global population from medical exposure, but also that a substantial percentage of diagnostic imaging examinations are unnecessary, and the cumulative dose to individuals from medical exposure is growing. In addition to this, continued reports on deterministic injuries from safety related events in the medical use of ionizing radiation are raising awareness on the necessity for accident prevention measures. The International Atomic Energy Agency is engaged in several activities to reverse the negative trends of these current issues, including improvement of the justification process, the tracking of radiation history of individual patients, shared learning of safety significant events, and the use of comprehensive quality audits in the clinical environment.
电离辐射在医学上的应用是一项在全球范围内规模庞大且不断增长的活动。虽然电离辐射在医学中的应用给全球人口带来了巨大的益处，但由于随机和确定性效应的存在，有必要保护患者免受潜在的危害。目前患者辐射防护方面存在的问题不仅包括医疗照射导致的全球人群集体剂量的快速增长，还包括相当一部分诊断成像检查是不必要的，以及来自医疗照射的个人累积剂量也在增加。除此之外，有关电离辐射医疗应用中安全相关事件导致确定性损伤的持续报告，使人们认识到有必要采取事故预防措施。国际原子能机构正在开展若干活动，以扭转这些当前问题的负面趋势，包括改进正当化程序、跟踪个体患者的辐射史、安全重要事件的经验共享，以及在临床环境中使用全面的质量审核。
