Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Sep 15;131(2):404-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.013. Epub 2010 Jul 17.
Mitragyna speciosa Korth (ketum) is widely used in Malaysia as a medicinal agent for treating diarrhea, worm infestations and also acts as an analgesic and antipyretic.
The aim of the study is to determine the acute toxicity of Mitragyna speciosa Korth standardized methanol extract in vivo in 4-weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats.
Rats were orally administrated single dose of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Mitragyna speciosa Korth standardized methanol extract and the control group received 430 mg/kg of morphine orally. There were 10 rats in each group. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. Eight parameters were tested: cage side observation, body weight measurement, food and water consumption, blood pressure, absolute and relative organ weight, hematology, biochemical analysis and histopathology, to look for evidence of toxicity.
No mortality was noted after 14 days of treatment. In general, behavior, food and water consumption, hematological studies and organ weights showed no significant changes. The standardized methanol extraction of Mitragyna speciosa Korth increased rat blood pressure (systolic: 147.4+/-1.01, 131.64+/-4.94 and 137.8+/-4.46) after an hour of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses, respectively. Biochemical studies showed significant elevation of ALT, AST, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol and albumin (p>0.05), at all levels of doses. But, nephrotoxicity evidenced by elevated creatinine was seen only at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. Histological examination showed congestion of sinusoids, hemorrhage hepatocytes, fatty change, centrilobular necrosis and increased number of Kuppfer cells in the liver of all Mitragyna speciosa Korth standardized methanol extract treated groups.
Oral administration of standardized methanolic extraction of Mitragyna speciosa Korth resulted in increasing rat blood pressure after an hour of drug administration. The highest dose of extract also induced acute severe hepatotoxicity and mild nephrotoxicity. However, Mitragyna speciosa Korth shows no effects on body weight, food and water consumption, absolute and relative organ weight and also hematology parameters.
在马来西亚，Mitragyna speciosa Korth（ketum）被广泛用作治疗腹泻、寄生虫感染的药物，也具有止痛和退热作用。
本研究旨在确定在 4 周龄 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠体内使用 Mitragyna speciosa Korth 标准化甲醇提取物的急性毒性。
大鼠经口给予 100、500 和 1000 mg/kg Mitragyna speciosa Korth 标准化甲醇提取物单剂量，对照组给予 430 mg/kg 吗啡经口给药。每组 10 只大鼠。所有动物在治疗 14 天后处死。测试了 8 个参数：笼边观察、体重测量、食物和水的消耗、血压、绝对和相对器官重量、血液学、生化分析和组织病理学，以寻找毒性证据。
治疗 14 天后无死亡。一般来说，行为、食物和水的消耗、血液学研究和器官重量均无明显变化。Mitragyna speciosa Korth 的标准化甲醇提取物在 100、500 和 1000 mg/kg 剂量后 1 小时分别使大鼠血压升高（收缩压：147.4+/-1.01、131.64+/-4.94 和 137.8+/-4.46）。生化研究显示 ALT、AST、白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇和白蛋白均显著升高（p>0.05），但仅在 1000 mg/kg 剂量时出现肾毒性。组织学检查显示所有 Mitragyna speciosa Korth 标准化甲醇提取物治疗组的肝窦充血、肝细胞出血、脂肪变性、中央坏死和库普弗细胞数量增加。
Mitragyna speciosa Korth 标准化甲醇提取物经口给药后 1 小时可使大鼠血压升高。提取物的最高剂量还会引起急性严重肝毒性和轻度肾毒性。然而，Mitragyna speciosa Korth 对体重、食物和水的消耗、绝对和相对器官重量以及血液学参数没有影响。
