Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Sep 15;131(2):471-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.024. Epub 2010 Jul 17.
This study was undertaken to provide a pharmacological basis for traditional use of Acorus calamus in airways disorders.
Isolated guinea-pig trachea and atria were suspended in organ baths bubbled with carbogen and mechanisms were found using different parameters.
In isolated guinea-pig tracheal segments, crude extract of Acorus calamus was more effective than carbachol in causing relaxation of high K(+) (80 mM) precontractions, similar to verapamil, suggesting blockade of calcium channels. The n-hexane fraction was equipotent against both precontractions, similar to papaverine, while ethylacetate fraction was more potent against carbachol precontractions but had a negligible dilator effect against K(+), similar to atropine and or rolipram. Pretreatment of tracheal preparations with n-hexane or ethylacetate fractions potentiated isoprenaline-induced inhibitory concentration-response curves, similar to papaverine or rolipram. Pretreatment of tracheal preparations with ethylacetate fraction caused a rightward parallel shift in carbachol response curve at lower concentration (0.003 mg/mL) similar to atropine and a non-parallel shift at higher concentrations (0.01 mg/mL), with reduction of maximum response, similar to rolipram. In isolated guinea-pig atrial preparations, crude extracts, its fractions and papaverine inhibited force and rate of contractions at higher concentrations than the smooth muscle while verapamil was equipotent.
These data indicate the presence of unique combination of airways relaxant constituents in crude extract of Acorus calamus, a papaverine-like dual inhibitor of calcium channels and phosphodiesterase in n-hexane fraction and a novel combination of anticholinergic, rolipram-like phosphodiesterase4 inhibitor in ethylacetate fraction and associated cardiac depressant effect, provide a pharmacological basis for traditional use of Acorus calamus in disorders of airways.
本研究旨在为菖蒲在气道疾病中的传统应用提供药理学基础。
用含碳氧混合气鼓泡的器官浴槽中悬浮分离的豚鼠气管和心房，并采用不同参数来研究其机制。
在分离的豚鼠气管段中，菖蒲粗提取物比卡巴胆碱更有效地引起高 K + （80mM）预收缩的松弛，类似于维拉帕米，表明钙通道阻断。正己烷部分对两种预收缩的作用相同，类似于罂粟碱，而乙酸乙酯部分对卡巴胆碱预收缩的作用更强，但对 K + 的扩张作用可以忽略不计，类似于阿托品和罗利普兰。用正己烷或乙酸乙酯部分预处理气管制剂可增强异丙肾上腺素诱导的抑制浓度反应曲线，类似于罂粟碱或罗利普兰。用乙酸乙酯部分预处理气管制剂可使较低浓度（0.003mg/mL）的卡巴胆碱反应曲线向右平行移动，类似于阿托品，而在较高浓度（0.01mg/mL）时呈非平行移动，最大反应减少，类似于罗利普兰。在分离的豚鼠心房制剂中，粗提取物及其部分和罂粟碱在较高浓度下抑制收缩力和收缩率，比平滑肌的作用更强，而维拉帕米的作用则相同。
这些数据表明菖蒲粗提取物中存在独特的气道舒张成分组合，正己烷部分具有罂粟碱样的钙通道双重抑制剂和磷酸二酯酶抑制剂，乙酸乙酯部分具有新型的抗胆碱能、罗利普兰样磷酸二酯酶 4 抑制剂组合，以及相关的心脏抑制作用，为菖蒲在气道疾病中的传统应用提供了药理学基础。
