Meyer V, Schneider S W, Görge T
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, von Esmarchstr. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2010 Aug;61(8):705-16; quiz 717-8. doi: 10.1007/s00105-010-1996-6.
The coagulation system protects the body from uncontrolled blood loss by means of highly regulated processes. In case of an injury the coagulation system instantly switches from controlled blood flow to acute coagulation and thrombus formation with the goal of stopping the blood loss. Minor changes in this well-maintained equilibrium of coagulation and blood flow tip the balance towards uncontrolled blood loss or even fatal thromboembolic events. Iatrogenic manipulation of this highly regulated system is possible with a variety of therapeutic agents. We review the basics of coagulation physiology and then discuss dermatologically relevant aspects of thrombosis prevention, as well as the use of anticoagulants to treat dermatologic diseases.
凝血系统通过高度调控的过程保护身体免受不受控制的失血。在受伤时,凝血系统会立即从可控的血流状态转变为急性凝血和血栓形成,目的是阻止失血。凝血与血流之间这种维持良好的平衡出现微小变化,就会使平衡倾向于不受控制的失血,甚至导致致命的血栓栓塞事件。使用多种治疗药物可以对这个高度调控的系统进行医源性操作。我们先回顾凝血生理学的基础知识,然后讨论预防血栓形成在皮肤病学方面的相关问题,以及使用抗凝剂治疗皮肤病。