Chaitchik S, Kreitler S
Oncology Institute, Ichilov Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
J Cancer Educ. 1991;6(1):43-53. doi: 10.1080/08858199109528086.
Despite the availability of services and information, not enough women undergo breast-screening tests. A previous study showed that clinic attenders differ from nonattenders in emotions, personality, self-concept, neuroticism, psychosomatics, and health attitudes. Some of these resembled the cancer-prone personality. The present study was designed to test whether nonattenders have higher repression that supports denial and could be persuaded by positive inducements to undergo the tests. Other goals were to examine if the new sample replicates the former findings and if it differs from clinic attenders. The subjects were 210 spontaneous clinic attenders and 210 matched controls from the previous study and 46 positively induced women. They were administered questionnaires assessing emotions, personality, daydreaming, self-concept, neuroticism, somatic complaints, alexithymia, and health attitudes. The findings were that the induced sample scored higher on repressiveness, had more cancer-affected blood relatives, and responded favorably to the positive inducements. They differed from the controls in most of the variables the clinic attenders did but differed from the clinic attenders in 30% of the variables, manifesting more extreme correspondence to the cancer-prone personality. The findings indicate possibilities of drawing more individuals to undergo the tests by emphasizing the positive anxiety-reducing approach.
尽管有相关服务和信息，但接受乳房筛查测试的女性仍不足。先前的一项研究表明，前往诊所就诊者与未就诊者在情绪、性格、自我概念、神经质、身心问题及健康态度等方面存在差异。其中一些类似于易患癌症的性格。本研究旨在测试未就诊者是否具有更强的压抑心理，这种压抑心理支持否认态度，以及是否能通过积极诱导来说服她们接受测试。其他目标是检验新样本是否能重复先前的研究结果，以及它与前往诊所就诊者是否存在差异。研究对象包括210名自发前往诊所就诊者、来自先前研究的210名匹配对照者以及46名受到积极诱导的女性。他们接受了问卷调查，以评估情绪、性格、白日梦、自我概念、神经质、躯体不适、述情障碍及健康态度。研究结果显示，受到诱导的样本在压抑性方面得分更高，有更多患癌症的血亲，并且对积极诱导反应良好。他们在大多数变量上与对照组不同，而对照组与前往诊所就诊者在这些变量上存在差异，但他们在30%的变量上与前往诊所就诊者不同，表现出与易患癌症性格更为极端的一致性。研究结果表明，通过强调积极的减轻焦虑方法，有可能吸引更多人接受测试。
