Kreitler S, Chaitchik S, Kreitler H
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Soc Sci Med. 1990;31(10):1177-85. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90239-o.
Though the benefits of early detection of breast cancer are generally known, only few women attend breast-screening examinations. The study was designed to gain insight into the problem by exploring the psychological profile of clinic attenders. In order to find out whether there is such a profile, 210 self-referred women were compared with 210 nonattending women, from the same working and social environments, matched in age, education and occupational level. All subjects were administered 10 tests in 7 domains. The tests were administered as part of a health survey. The results showed that clinic attenders scored higher on negative emotions and total emotions and lower on positive emotions; higher on repression; lower on daydreams; lower on range of self-concept, references to others and negative self-references but higher on positive self-references; scored higher on self-references describing oneself in a functional and in a passive way and scored lower on those describing oneself in terms of one's attitudes, body and appearance; scored lower on neuroticism; scored lower on different somatic complaints and health orientation but higher in alexithymia. No differences were found in authoritarianism, locus of control and self-complexity. Conclusions are that there is a psychological profile of clinic attenders, that it is focused on dysphoric emotions, psychological disease promotion and defensiveness and that it includes characteristics of the construct that is sometimes called the cancer-prone personality.
尽管乳腺癌早期检测的益处广为人知，但只有少数女性参加乳腺筛查检查。本研究旨在通过探索前来就诊者的心理特征来深入了解这一问题。为了确定是否存在这样一种特征，将210名自行前来就诊的女性与210名未就诊女性进行了比较，这些未就诊女性来自相同的工作和社会环境，在年龄、教育程度和职业水平上相匹配。所有受试者都接受了7个领域的10项测试。这些测试是作为健康调查的一部分进行的。结果显示，前来就诊者在消极情绪和总情绪方面得分较高，在积极情绪方面得分较低；在压抑方面得分较高；在白日梦方面得分较低；在自我概念范围、对他人的提及和消极自我提及方面得分较低，但在积极自我提及方面得分较高；在以功能性和被动方式描述自己的自我提及方面得分较高，而在以自己的态度、身体和外貌描述自己的自我提及方面得分较低；在神经质方面得分较低；在不同的躯体不适和健康取向方面得分较低，但在述情障碍方面得分较高。在专制主义、控制点和自我复杂性方面未发现差异。结论是，前来就诊者存在一种心理特征，这种特征集中在烦躁情绪、心理疾病促发和防御方面，并且包括有时被称为癌症易感人格的结构特征。
