Gee J M, Wortley G M, Johnson I T, Price K R, Rutten A A, Houben G F, Penninks A H
Nutrition Diet and Health Department, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK.
Toxicol In Vitro. 1996 Apr;10(2):117-28. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00113-1.
The effects of potato and tomato glycoalkaloids and a saponin mixture from Gypsophila were investigated in cytotoxicity studies (neutral red uptake, mitochondrial MTT reduction and release of lactate dehydrogenase), using cultured cell lines of rat and human intestinal mucosal epithelium. Experiments to assess the effects of these compounds on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium were also carried out using preparations of isolated rat jejunum in vitro. By investigating the effect of these compounds on cultured cells and on intestinal tissue preparations, changes in membrane integrity, as evidenced by lactate dehydrogenase leakage in cell culture, could be confirmed in a system more relevant to the whole gut. Of the compounds tested, alpha-tomatine was consistently the most potent in all tests, and indications of a synergistic effect on membrane depolarization were observed between alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine at total glycoalkaloid concentrations of less than 1 mM (< 0.86 mg/ml), with an optimum when the former comprised 25% of the mixture. An increase in the apparent permeability of the brush border was observed at sublethal concentrations of the compounds, and this may have important implications with respect to enhanced uptake of macromolecules, such as allergens, whose passage through the epithelium is normally somewhat restricted.
在细胞毒性研究（中性红摄取、线粒体MTT还原和乳酸脱氢酶释放）中，使用大鼠和人肠黏膜上皮细胞系，研究了马铃薯和番茄糖苷生物碱以及来自满天星的皂苷混合物的作用。还使用离体大鼠空肠制剂进行了实验，以评估这些化合物对肠上皮完整性的影响。通过研究这些化合物对培养细胞和肠组织制剂的作用，可以在与整个肠道更相关的系统中证实细胞培养中乳酸脱氢酶泄漏所表明的膜完整性变化。在所测试的化合物中，α-番茄碱在所有测试中始终是最有效的，并且在总糖苷生物碱浓度低于1 mM（<0.86 mg/ml）时，观察到α-查茄碱和α-茄碱之间对膜去极化有协同作用，当前者占混合物的25%时效果最佳。在化合物的亚致死浓度下观察到刷状缘表观通透性增加，这可能对增强大分子如过敏原的摄取具有重要意义，因为过敏原通过上皮的过程通常受到一定限制。
