Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 902, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Semin Immunopathol. 2010 Sep;32(3):305-17. doi: 10.1007/s00281-010-0217-9. Epub 2010 Jul 22.
Tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis are dynamic processes involving cancer interactions with the extracellular matrix, the vasculature, and various types of non-cancerous host cells that form the tumor stroma. An often-present stromal component is the immune cells, such as tumor-associated myeloid and lymphocytic infiltrates, yet endogenous anti-tumor immune responses are typically ineffective in tumor rejection and may even contribute to the progression of some cancers. How exactly cancer cells interact with the stroma and invade healthy tissues while avoiding anti-tumor immune responses, and which interactions should be targeted for anti-tumor therapy, can now be studied by minimally invasive observation using multiphoton and other low impact confocal microscopy techniques and fluorescent animal tumor models. Intravital video microscopy has already been instrumental in defining the roles and modes of cellular motility in the angiogenic process and during tissue invasion at the tumor margin. In the hands of cancer immunologists, intravital video microscopy is beginning to unravel the complexity of effector and suppressory lymphocytic interactions in tumors and in the draining lymphoid organs. As the intravital microscopy approach is beginning to move beyond fundamental description and into analyzing the molecular underpinnings of cell's dynamics, future technical advances will undoubtedly provide yet deeper insight while stitching together a systems dynamics view of cancer-host interactions that will keep on inspiring cancer researchers and therapists.
肿瘤的生长、侵袭和转移是一个动态过程，涉及癌症与细胞外基质、血管以及形成肿瘤基质的各种类型的非癌性宿主细胞的相互作用。基质中常常存在的成分是免疫细胞，如肿瘤相关的髓样和淋巴浸润，但内源性抗肿瘤免疫反应通常在肿瘤排斥中无效，甚至可能促进某些癌症的进展。癌细胞如何与基质相互作用并侵袭健康组织，同时避免抗肿瘤免疫反应，以及应该针对哪些相互作用进行抗肿瘤治疗，现在可以通过使用多光子和其他低影响共聚焦显微镜技术以及荧光动物肿瘤模型进行微创观察来研究。活体视频显微镜在定义血管生成过程中的细胞运动的作用和模式以及肿瘤边缘组织侵袭过程中的作用方面已经发挥了重要作用。在癌症免疫学家手中，活体视频显微镜开始揭示肿瘤和引流淋巴器官中效应和抑制性淋巴细胞相互作用的复杂性。随着活体显微镜方法开始从基础描述扩展到分析细胞动力学的分子基础，未来的技术进步无疑将提供更深入的见解，同时将癌症-宿主相互作用的系统动力学视图拼接在一起，这将继续激发癌症研究人员和治疗师的灵感。
