Biology Department, Botany, The University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
Mycorrhiza. 2010 Oct;20(7):445-57. doi: 10.1007/s00572-010-0332-4. Epub 2010 Jul 21.
Ecosystems worldwide are threatened with the extinction of plants and, at the same time, invasion by new species. Plant invasiveness and loss of species can be caused by similar but opposing pressures on the community structures. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can have multiple positive effects on plant growth, productivity, health, and stress relief. Many endangered species live in symbiosis with AMF. However, the list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) indicates that the mycorrhizal status of most of the threatened species has not been assessed. Rare plants often occur in specialized and also endangered habitats and might utilize specialized or unique AMF. The specificity of any endangered plant to its AMF population has not been investigated. Because most of the current AMF isolates that are available colonize a broad range of plant species, selected inocula could be used to promote growth of endangered plants before the proper and more effective indigenous AMF are characterized. Application of AMF in field sites to protect endangered plants is hardly feasible due to the complexity of plant community structures and the large amount of fungal inocula needed. Endangered plants could, however, be grown as greenhouse cultures together with appropriate fungi, and, at the relevant developmental stage, they could be re-planted into native sites to prevent extinction and to preserve plant community ecology.
全球生态系统正面临着植物灭绝的威胁，同时也面临着新物种的入侵。植物的入侵性和物种的丧失可能是由群落结构的相似但相反的压力造成的。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）可以对植物的生长、生产力、健康和减轻压力产生多种积极影响。许多濒危物种与 AMF 共生。然而，国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录（IUCN Red List of Threatened Species）表明，大多数受威胁物种的菌根状况尚未得到评估。珍稀植物通常存在于专门化和濒危的栖息地中，可能利用专门化或独特的 AMF。任何濒危植物对其 AMF 种群的特异性尚未得到研究。由于目前可用的大多数 AMF 分离物可以广泛地定殖于多种植物物种，因此在确定适当和更有效的土著 AMF 之前，可以使用选定的接种体来促进濒危植物的生长。由于植物群落结构的复杂性和所需的大量真菌接种体，AMF 在野外场地的应用来保护濒危植物几乎是不可行的。然而，可以将濒危植物作为温室文化与适当的真菌一起种植，并在相关的发育阶段将其重新种植到原生地，以防止灭绝和保护植物群落生态。
