Neonatal Unit, Princess Royal Maternity, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012 May;97(3):F214-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.2009.178723. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
It is widely accepted that maternal drug-exposed infants demonstrate excessive early weight loss, but this has not previously been quantified. Among 354 term, substitute methadone-exposed infants, median maximal weight losses were 10.2% and 8.5% for breast- and formula-fed infants, respectively (p=0.003). Weight loss was less in small for gestational age compared to appropriately grown infants (p<0.001). There was no association between maximal weight loss and plasma sodium concentration (p=0.807). Relative to non-drug exposed infants, weight loss was more marked in formula-fed infants, 48% of whom demonstrated weight loss in excess of the 95th centile (compared to 23% of exclusively breastfed infants; p<0.001). Median weight loss nadir was on day 5, excepting those infants exclusively breastfed (day 4). These data suggest that excessive neonatal weight loss among breastfed infants of drug-misusing mothers does not necessarily reflect poorly established lactation and may help to guide management of breast feeding in this population.
人们普遍认为，母亲滥用药物的婴儿会出现早期过度体重减轻，但此前尚未对此进行量化。在 354 名足月、替代美沙酮暴露的婴儿中，母乳喂养和配方奶喂养的婴儿的最大体重减轻中位数分别为 10.2%和 8.5%（p=0.003）。与生长正常的婴儿相比，小于胎龄儿的体重减轻较少（p<0.001）。最大体重减轻与血浆钠浓度之间无相关性（p=0.807）。与未暴露于药物的婴儿相比，配方奶喂养的婴儿体重减轻更为明显，其中 48%的婴儿体重减轻超过第 95 百分位数（而纯母乳喂养的婴儿为 23%；p<0.001）。除了纯母乳喂养的婴儿（第 4 天）外，体重减轻的最低点中位数在第 5 天。这些数据表明，滥用药物母亲的母乳喂养婴儿出现过度新生儿体重减轻并不一定反映出未建立良好的哺乳，可能有助于指导该人群母乳喂养的管理。
