Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Kuvin Center for the Study of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
Malar J. 2010 Jul 21;9:210. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-210.
Based on highly successful demonstrations in Israel that attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) methods can decimate local populations of mosquitoes, this study determined the effectiveness of ATSB methods for malaria vector control in the semi-arid Bandiagara District of Mali, West Africa.
Control and treatment sites, selected along a road that connects villages, contained man-made ponds that were the primary larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. Guava and honey melons, two local fruits shown to be attractive to An. gambiae s.l., were used to prepare solutions of Attractive Sugar Bait (ASB) and ATSB that additionally contained boric acid as an oral insecticide. Both included a color dye marker to facilitate determination of mosquitoes feeding on the solutions. The trial was conducted over a 38-day period, using CDC light traps to monitor mosquito populations. On day 8, ASB solution in the control site and ATSB solution in the treatment site were sprayed using a hand-pump on patches of vegetation. Samples of female mosquitoes were age-graded to determine the impact of ATSB treatment on vector longevity.
Immediately after spraying ATSB in the treatment site, the relative abundance of female and male An. gambiae s.l. declined about 90% from pre-treatment levels and remained low. In the treatment site, most females remaining after ATSB treatment had not completed a single gonotrophic cycle, and only 6% had completed three or more gonotrophic cycles compared with 37% pre-treatment. In the control site sprayed with ASB (without toxin), the proportion of females completing three or more gonotrophic cycles increased from 28.5% pre-treatment to 47.5% post-treatment. In the control site, detection of dye marker in over half of the females and males provided direct evidence that the mosquitoes were feeding on the sprayed solutions.
This study in Mali shows that even a single application of ATSB can substantially decrease malaria vector population densities and longevity. It is likely that ATSB methods can be used as a new powerful tool for the control of malaria vectors, particularly since this approach is highly effective for mosquito control, technologically simple, inexpensive, and environmentally safe.
基于在以色列取得的巨大成功，即有吸引力的毒性糖诱饵（ATSB）方法可以消灭当地的蚊子种群，本研究旨在确定 ATSB 方法在西非马里半干旱的班迪加拉地区控制疟疾媒介的有效性。
控制和处理地点沿着连接村庄的道路选择，其中包含了人为池塘，这是冈比亚按蚊和阿拉伯按蚊的主要幼虫栖息地。番石榴和哈密瓜，两种被证明对冈比亚按蚊属有吸引力的当地水果，被用来制备 Attractive Sugar Bait（ASB）和 ATSB 溶液，其中还包含硼酸作为口服杀虫剂。两者都包含一种颜色染料标记，以方便确定吸食溶液的蚊子。该试验持续了 38 天，使用 CDC 诱蚊灯监测蚊子数量。在第 8 天，控制地点的 ASB 溶液和处理地点的 ATSB 溶液在喷洒使用手泵的植被斑块上。雌性蚊子样本进行年龄分级，以确定 ATSB 处理对媒介寿命的影响。
在处理地点喷洒 ATSB 后，冈比亚按蚊属雌雄个体的相对丰度立即从处理前水平下降了约 90%，且一直保持在较低水平。在处理地点，处理后剩余的大多数雌性蚊子都没有完成一个完整的生殖周期，只有 6%完成了三个或更多生殖周期，而处理前为 37%。在喷洒 ASB（无毒素）的控制地点，完成三个或更多生殖周期的雌性比例从处理前的 28.5%增加到处理后的 47.5%。在控制地点，超过一半的雌性和雄性蚊子中检测到染料标记，这直接证明了蚊子正在吸食喷洒的溶液。
本研究表明，即使单次应用 ATSB 也可以显著降低疟疾媒介种群密度和寿命。ATSB 方法很可能成为控制疟疾媒介的一种新的有力工具，特别是因为这种方法对蚊子控制非常有效，技术简单、成本低且对环境安全。
