Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, 61500, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Malar J. 2021 Apr 14;20(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03704-3.
Application methods of |Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) need to be improved for wide-scale use, and effects on non-target organisms (NTOs) must be assessed. The goals of this study were to determine, at the village level, the effect of different configurations of bait stations to (1) achieve < 25% Anopheles mosquito vector daily feeding rate for both males and females and (2) minimize the effect on non-target organisms.
Dye was added to Attractive Sugar Bait Stations (without toxin) to mark mosquitoes feeding on the baits, and CDC UV light traps were used to monitor for marked mosquitoes. An array of different traps were used to catch dye marked NTOs, indicating feeding on the ASB. Stations were hung on homes (1, 2, or 3 per home to optimize density) at different heights (1.0 m or 1.8 m above the ground). Eight villages were chosen as for the experiments.
The use of one ASB station per house did not mark enough mosquitoes. Use of two and three stations per house gave feeding rates above the 25% goal. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of marked mosquitoes between two and three stations, however, the catches using two and three bait stations were both significantly higher than using one. There was no difference in An. gambiae s.l. feeding when stations were hung at 1.0 and 1.8 m. At 1.8 m stations sustained less accidental damage. ASB stations 1.8 m above ground were fed on by three of seven monitored insect orders. The monitored orders were: Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera and Orthoptera. Using one or two stations significantly reduced percentage of bait-fed NTOs compared to three stations which had the highest feeding rates. Percentages were as follows: 6.84 ± 2.03% Brachycera followed by wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) 5.32 ± 2.27%, and Rhopalocera 2.22 ± 1.79%. Hanging the optimal number of stations per house for catching mosquitoes (two) at 1.8 m above ground, limited the groups of non-targets to Brachycera, Chironomidae, Noctuoidea, Rhopalocera, parasitic wasps and wasps (Hymenoptera). Feeding at 1.8 m only occurred when stations were damaged.
The goal of marking quarter of the total Anopheles population per day was obtained using 2 bait stations at 1.8 m height above the ground. This configuration also had minimal effects on non-target insects.
为了广泛应用，需要改进 |Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) 的应用方法，并且必须评估其对非靶标生物（NTO）的影响。本研究的目的是在村庄层面上确定不同诱捕站配置的效果，（1）使雄性和雌性按蚊的每日觅食率<25%，（2）使非靶标生物的影响最小化。
在无毒素的 Attractive Sugar Bait Stations 中添加染料，以标记吸食诱饵的蚊子，并用 CDC 紫外线诱捕器监测标记的蚊子。使用一系列不同的诱捕器来捕捉吸食 ASB 的标记 NTO。诱捕器悬挂在房屋上（每个房屋 1、2 或 3 个以优化密度），高度分别为 1.0 米或 1.8 米（离地面）。选择了 8 个村庄进行实验。
每个房屋使用一个诱捕器站标记的蚊子数量不足。每个房屋使用两个和三个诱捕器站可以使觅食率超过 25%的目标。但是，使用两个和三个诱捕器站的标记蚊子百分比没有统计学差异，然而，使用两个和三个诱捕器站的捕获量都明显高于使用一个诱捕器站。在 1.0 和 1.8 米的悬挂高度，冈比亚按蚊 s.l. 的取食率没有差异。1.8 米高的诱捕器站持续受到的意外损坏较少。ASB 站距离地面 1.8 米高时，有 7 种监测昆虫目中的 3 种对其进行了取食。监测的昆虫目包括：膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、半翅目、脉翅目和直翅目。与使用三个诱捕器站相比，使用一个或两个诱捕器站会显著降低以诱饵为食的非靶标生物的百分比，使用三个诱捕器站的取食率最高。百分比如下：6.84%±2.03%双翅目紧随其后的是黄蜂（膜翅目：胡蜂科）5.32%±2.27%，鳞翅目 2.22%±1.79%。以每房屋两个诱捕器站的最佳数量悬挂在 1.8 米高的地面上，将非靶标生物群限制为双翅目、摇蚊科、夜蛾总科、鳞翅目、寄生蜂和黄蜂（膜翅目）。只有当诱捕器站受损时，才会在 1.8 米高的地方进行取食。
使用两个诱捕器站以 1.8 米的高度悬挂在地面上，达到了标记每天四分之一按蚊总数的目标。这种配置对非靶标昆虫的影响也最小。
