Methodist Institute for Technology Innovation and Education, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
J Vasc Surg. 2010 Oct;52(4):1072-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.05.093. Epub 2010 Jul 31.
The traditional apprenticeship model introduced by Halsted of "learning by doing" may just not be valid in the modern practice of vascular surgery. The model is often criticized for being somewhat unstructured because a resident's experience is based on what comes through the "door." In an attempt to promote uniformity of training, multiple national organizations are currently delineating standard curricula for each trainee to govern the knowledge and cases required in a vascular residency. However, the outcomes are anything but uniform. This means that we graduate vascular specialists with a surprisingly wide spectrum of abilities. Use of simulation may benefit trainees in attaining a level of technical expertise that will benefit themselves and their patients. Furthermore, there is likely a need to establish a simulation-based certification process for graduating trainees to further ascertain minimum technical abilities.
传统的学徒模式是由霍尔斯特德（Halsted）提出的“边做边学”，但在现代血管外科学实践中可能并不适用。这种模式经常因缺乏结构性而受到批评，因为住院医师的经验取决于“门”中出现的情况。为了促进培训的统一，多个国家组织目前正在为每位受训者划定标准课程，以规范血管住院医师所需的知识和病例。然而，结果却大相径庭。这意味着我们培养出的血管专家的能力范围惊人地广泛。模拟的使用可能使受训者获得一定水平的技术专长，从而使他们自己和他们的患者受益。此外，可能需要建立一个基于模拟的认证过程，以进一步确定毕业学员的最低技术能力。
