Capsule endoscopy (CE) has evolved in a few short years to become a first-line, noninvasive diagnostic technique for the small bowel. CE is now being utilized worldwide to assess patients for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, possible Crohn's disease, celiac disease and small bowel tumors. The device is now used in tandem with balloon enteroscopy to direct therapeutic interventions. Alterations and improvements in CE have also led to the evaluation of both the esophagus and colon. It can be anticipated that in the near future pan CE of the entire GI tract will be performed, as well as possible tissue acquisition, drug delivery and therapeutic interventions.