Medical Center, Middle East Technical University, ODTU Medical Center, ODTU Kampusu, Ankara 06531, Turkey.
J Dent Educ. 2010 Aug;74(8):880-91.
The use of haptic devices in the medical field has become widespread in the last decade. In this study, a visio-haptic dental training system is developed using haptic and stereoscopic devices. Several advantages are offered by such a simulation system, including effective learning without any fear of making mistakes on a patient, possibility of repeating various dental operations, ease of evaluating student performance, and low-cost dental training even without an instructor. In this study, the biomechanical properties of enamel, dentin, pulp, and caries were modeled, and the parameters were fine-tuned to provide more realistic haptic sensations. Maxillary and mandibular dental arches and various dental instruments such as mouth mirror, probe, and dental drills were modeled in a 3D virtual environment. Probing and cavity preparation on teeth were implemented in the training system. Various graphical rendering methods (Surface Rendering in CPU, Iso-Surface Rendering, and Ray-Casting in GPU) were implemented and compared in performance. The implementation details and the software structure used are described. Finally, detailed performance tests by a group of dentists are conducted, and the results of these tests are presented. The performance tests found that dentists have a strong motivation to use the system and that in the aspects of usability, clarity, effectiveness, help/support provided, and satisfaction, the users' responses were above average.
在过去的十年中，触觉设备在医学领域的应用已经变得非常广泛。本研究使用触觉和立体设备开发了一种视觉触觉牙科培训系统。这种模拟系统具有许多优势，包括在不担心对患者犯错的情况下进行有效学习、可以重复各种牙科操作、便于评估学生的表现，以及即使没有指导教师也可以进行低成本的牙科培训。在本研究中，对牙釉质、牙本质、牙髓和龋齿的生物力学特性进行了建模，并对参数进行了微调，以提供更逼真的触觉感受。上颌和下颌牙弓以及各种牙科器械，如口镜、探针和牙钻，都在 3D 虚拟环境中进行了建模。在培训系统中实现了对牙齿的探查和龋齿预备。实现了各种图形渲染方法（CPU 中的表面渲染、Iso-Surface 渲染和 GPU 中的光线投射），并比较了它们的性能。描述了实现细节和所使用的软件结构。最后，一组牙医进行了详细的性能测试，并呈现了这些测试的结果。性能测试发现，牙医有强烈的使用系统的动机，在可用性、清晰度、有效性、提供的帮助/支持和满意度方面，用户的反应高于平均水平。
